2023年3月一次经浑善达克沙地的跨境强沙尘暴过程分析

苏伦嘎; SU Lunga; 孙鑫; SUN Xin; 芙蓉; FU Rong; 宋冬梅; SONG Dongmei; 王斌; WANG Bin; 咏梅; YONG Mei

doi:10.48014/ais.20250529003

2023年3月一次经浑善达克沙地的跨境强沙尘暴过程分析

Analysis of a Cross-Border Severe Dust Storm Process Passing Through the Hunshandake Sandy Land in March 2023

交叉科学学报 2025年第2卷第3期页码[93-104] 下载全文[25MB]

摘要

远距离输送是强沙尘暴的典型特征。浑善达克沙地作为重要沙源地与和京津冀生态安全屏障, 分析经过该地的沙尘暴源地及传输特征具有重要意义。本文利用遥感及再分析数据分析了2023年3月19—24日强沙尘暴过程以及天气系统, 并结合WRF-Chem与LAGRANTO 模型进一步分析了沙尘暴经过浑善达克沙地时的垂直沙尘浓度分布特征及不同高度沙尘浓度和传输轨迹。结果表明: (1) 沙尘暴起源于塔克拉玛干沙漠和蒙古国西部, 在蒙古气旋发展作用下向东扩散, 途经浑善达克沙地时, 受该沙地本地起沙与上游传输沙尘叠加影响, 沙尘浓度显著增强, 随后继续影响华北、东北及京津冀等地区。蒙古气旋主导本次过程, 500hPa槽脊结构及高空冷空气南下提供了关键动力条件, 地面低压及蒙古气旋的发展进一步促进了沙尘的起沙和输送。 (2) 沙尘在经过浑善达克沙地期间, 受动力抬升、垂直扩散和重力沉降共同影响, 浓度峰值出现在12: 00左右, 垂直高度达650hPa (约3500m) , 随后逐渐分层稳定。近地面浓度最高, 中层沙尘浓度虽略有下降, 但仍维持较高水平。高层沙尘浓度较低, 但受大尺度环流高空急流等驱动, 向东北方向长距离输送。浑善达克沙地作为关键传输节点, 通过本地起沙补充和动力抬升作用, 强化了沙尘浓度并维持了远距离输送能力。本文研究结果可为浑善达克沙地沙尘治理及中蒙联合沙尘防控提供有效参考。

Abstract

Long-distance transport is a typical characteristic of severe dust storms. As an important dust source and ecological security barrier for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, analyzing the origin and transport characteristics of dust storms passing through the Hunshandake Sandy Land is of great significance. This study utilized remote sensing and reanalysis data to analyze a severe dust storm process from March 19-24, 2023, and its associated weather systems. The WRF-Chem and LAGRANTO models were further employed to analyze the vertical dust concentration distribution and dust transport trajectories at different altitudes as the dust storm passed through the Hunshandake Sandy Land. The results indicate: (1) The dust storm originated from the Taklimakan Desert and western Mongolia, spreading eastward under the influence of a developing Mongolian cyclone. When passing through the Hunshandak Desert, it was affected by the superposition of locally generated sand and upstream transported sand and dust, resulting in a significant increase in dust concentration. Subsequently, it continued to affect regions such as North China, Northeast China, and Beijing Tianjin Hebei. The Mongolian cyclone dominated this process, and the 500 hPa trough ridge structure and the southward movement of high-altitude cold air provided key dynamic conditions. The development of surface low pressure and the Mongolian cyclone further promoted the sand and dust generation and transport. (2) During transport, dust concentrations were jointly influenced by dynamic uplift, vertical diffusion, and gravitational settling. The peak concentration occurred around 12: 00, reaching a vertical height of 650 hPa (approximately 3, 500 meters) , after which it gradually stratified and stabilized. The highest concentration was near the surface. Although the concentration in the middle layer decreased slightly, it remained relatively high. The concentration in the upper layer was lower, but driven by large-scale circulation and upper-level jets, it underwent long-distance transport northeastward. As a key transmission node, the Hunshandake Desert has strengthened the concentration of sand and dust and maintained its long-distance transport capacity through local sand replenishment and dynamic uplift. These findings provide valuable references for dust control in the Hunshandake Sandy Land and cross-border dust prevention collaboration between China and Mongolia.

DOI

10.48014/ais.20250529003

文章类型

研究性论文

收稿日期

2025-05-29

接收日期

2025-08-10

出版日期

2025-09-28

关键词

沙尘暴, 浑善达克沙地, 沙尘传输, WRF-Chem 模型, LAGRANTO 模型

Keywords

Dust storm, Hunshandake Sandy Land, dust transport, WRF-Chem Model, LAGRANTO Model

作者

苏伦嘎¹, 孙鑫², 芙蓉³, 宋冬梅⁴, 王斌⁴, 咏梅^1,5,*

Author

SU Lunga¹, SUN Xin², FU Rong³, SONG Dongmei⁴, WANG Bin⁴, YONG Mei^1,5,*

所在单位

1. 内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院, 呼和浩特 010022
2. 内蒙古气象台, 呼和浩特 010022
3. 内蒙古自治区测绘地理信息中心, 呼和浩特 010010
4. 中国石油大学 (华东) 海洋与空间信息学院, 青岛 266580
5. 内蒙古师范大学内蒙古自治区蒙古高原地理研究重点实验室, 呼和浩特 010022

Company

1. College of Geographical Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China
2. Inner Mongolia Meteorological Bureau, Hohhot 010022, China
3. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Center, Hohhot 010010, China
4. College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum (East China) , Qingdao 266580, China
5. Key Laboratory of Mongolian Plateau Geography Research, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, China

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基金项目

本项研究得到了国家自然科学基金项目“中蒙强跨境沙尘暴远距离输送定量监测及途中加强机理研究” (42467065)、内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目“中蒙沙源区下垫面因子变化对沙尘暴强度的影响研究” (2023LHMS04002)和内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目“东亚跨境沙尘暴强度变化及其机理研究” (2023JBBJ005)的资助。

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引用本文

苏伦嘎, 孙鑫, 芙蓉, 等. 2023年3月一次经浑善达克沙地的跨境强沙尘暴过程分析[J]. 交叉科学学报, 2025, 2(3): 93-103.

Citation

SU Lunga, SUN Xin, FU Rong, et al. Analysis of a cross-border severe dust storm process passing through the Hunshandake Sandy Land in March 2023[J]. Acta Interdisciplinary Science, 2025, 2(3): 93-103.