海上溢油污染溯源方法综述

陈清菡; CHEN Qinghan; 代明月; DAI Mingyue; 谭艺雯; TAN Yiwen; 邸萌萌; DI Mengmeng; 李永庆; LI Yongqing

doi:10.48014/ais.20250317002

海上溢油污染溯源方法综述

Review of Backtracking Methods for Marine Oil Spill Pollution

交叉科学学报 2025年第2卷第2期页码[71-77] 下载全文[0.7MB]

摘要

海上溢油事故频发, 对海洋环境、区域经济及人类健康造成了深远影响。海上溢油溯源作为确定海洋污染责任主体的有效手段, 对及时阻断溢油源头、减少溢油量以及解决海洋污染责任纠纷具有重要意义。本文主要分析海上溢油污染溯源的多种技术手段, 分别总结化学法和物理法溢油溯源的发展现状。化学法又称油指纹鉴别法, 主要通过现场采集溢油样本, 化验分析油品信息, 并与周边海域的潜在油种进行比对, 推测海面溢油的来源。物理法主要利用历史海洋环境数据驱动溢油溯源数值模型, 反向推演溢油污染的时空迁移规律。本文最后探讨了溢油溯源领域的当前挑战和未来方向。油指纹分析在多源污染辨识方面会导致溯源准确性下降。溢油溯源数值模型在复杂海洋环境下的溯源误差会增大。建立“AI +数值模型”混合溯源系统、发展多源监测技术、推动全球油指纹数据库共享等方面具有广阔的发展前景。

Abstract

The frequent occurrence of offshore oil spills has a profound impact on the marine environment, regional economy and human health. As an effective means to determine the subject of marine pollution responsibility, the backtracking of marine oil spills is of great significance for timely blocking the source of oil spills, reducing the amount of oil spillage and solving marine pollution liability disputes. This paper mainly analyzes the various technical means of oil spill backtracking research at sea, summarizes the development status of oil spill backtracking by chemical and physical methods. Chemical method, also known as oil fingerprint identification method, mainly collects oil spill samples on site, tests and analyzes oil information, and compares them with potential oil species in the surrounding sea to infer the source of oil spill on the sea surface. The physical method mainly uses the historical marine environmental data to drive the numerical model of oil spill backtracking, and reverse deduce the spatio-temporal migration law of oil spill pollution. The paper concludes with a discussion of current challenges and future directions in the field of oil spill backtracking. Oil fingerprint analysis will lead to a decrease in the accuracy of traceability in the identification of multi-source pollution. The error of oil spill traceability numerical model will increase in complex ocean environment. The establishment of "AI + numerical model" hybrid backtracking system, the development of multi-source monitoring technology, and the promotion of global oil fingerprint database sharing have broad development prospects.

DOI	10.48014/ais.20250317002
文章类型	综述
收稿日期	2025-03-17
接收日期	2025-03-20
出版日期	2025-06-28
关键词	溢油溯源, 油指纹, 数值模型, 海洋污染
Keywords	Oil spill backtracking, oil fingerprint, numerical model, marine pollution
作者	陈清菡¹, 代明月¹, 谭艺雯², 邸萌萌², 李永庆^1,*
Author	CHEN Qinghan¹, DAI Mingyue¹, TAN Yiwen², DI Mengmeng², LI Yongqing^1,*
所在单位	1. 青岛科技大学数据科学学院, 青岛 266061 2. 中国电波传播研究所, 青岛 266107
Company	1. School of Data Science, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China 2. China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China
浏览量	8
下载量	1
基金项目	国家自然科学基金项目(42406216)、山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2024QD031)资助。
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引用本文	陈清菡, 代明月, 谭艺雯, 等. 海上溢油污染溯源方法综述[J]. 交叉科学学报, 2025, 2(2): 71-77.
Citation	CHEN Qinghan, DAI Mingyue, TAN Yiwen, et al. Review of backtracking methods for marine oil spill pollution[J]. Acta Interdisciplinary Science, 2025, 2(2): 71-77.