加卸载条件下岩石天然裂缝摩擦强度弱化机理的研究

高振朝; GAO Zhenchao; 杨建平; YANG Jianping; 张浠; ZHANG Xi

doi:10.48014/cpngr.20250417002

加卸载条件下岩石天然裂缝摩擦强度弱化机理的研究

Mechanism of Frictional Strength Degradation of Natural Rock Fractures under Cyclic Loading and Unloading

中国石油天然气研究 2025年第4卷第2期页码[10-22] 下载全文[1.1MB]

摘要

含天然裂缝的岩石在周期加卸载条件下起裂压力会降低这一现象已被室内和矿场实验所证明, 裂缝面摩擦强度在周期荷载下弱化是其重要机理。本文建立了基于裂缝面颗粒材料剪切变形特征的微结构模型, 将裂缝面内颗粒所形成的力链等效为能承受压剪载荷的弹性杆, 并且力链在滑移方向改变时会重新组合成新的弹性杆; 通过对弹性杆变形和破坏的微结构力学分析, 研究了摩擦滑动启动、停止和反向滑动各阶段的力学特征, 建立相应的摩擦本构方程。研究结果表明: 滑移产生的弹性变形会降低裂缝面的摩擦强度, 具有滑移弱化摩擦本构的形式, 其本构参数由裂缝面颗粒材料的弹性性能决定; 滑移方向改变会引起额外能量损失, 产生摩擦系数跳跃。利用前人的断层泥摩擦实验结果确定了本构方程中各参数的取值范围, 并提出了它们与裂缝面摩擦材料物理性能之间的关系。本文通过研究微结构演化规律为揭示岩石强度在加卸载条件下弱化机理提供了一个新解释。

Abstract

Laboratory and field experiments have demonstrated that the breakdown pressure of rock containing natural fractures decreases under cyclic loading and unloading, yet the underlying mechanism remains insufficiently understood. This paper studies the weakening mechanism of fracture surface frictional strength under cyclic loading through microstructural mechanical analysis, aiming to elucidate the failure process of naturally fractured rock. A microstructure model is developed based on the shear deformation behavior. of granular materials on fracture surfaces, in which particle-formed force chains are idealized as elastic rods capable of bearing combined compressive and shearing loads. The model further assumes that when the shear direction reverses, the force chains reorganize into new elastic rods. By analyzing the deformation and failure mechanics of these elastic rods, the study systematically explores the mechanical behavior. during slip initiation, arrest, and reversal, and derives corresponding frictional constitutive equations for each stage. The results indicate that slip-induced elastic deformation leads to a reduction in the apparent frictional strength of fracture surfaces, which is governed by the elastic properties of the granular materials. Reversal of slip direction results in additional energy dissipation and causes sudden fluctuations in the friction coefficient. By aligning with the phenomenological slip-weakening friction law, the model parameters are constrained through calibration against existing experimental data on fault gouge friction. This microstructural approach provides a novel framework for understanding the weakening mechanisms of rocks subjected to cyclic loading and unloading

DOI

10.48014/cpngr.20250417002

文章类型

研究性论文

收稿日期

2025-04-17

接收日期

2025-04-24

出版日期

2025-06-28

关键词

岩石裂缝, 裂缝面摩擦, 加卸载, 微结构模型, 摩擦本构

Keywords

Rock fractures, fracture surfaces friction, cyclic loading and unloading, microstructure model, frictional constitutive law

作者

高振朝¹, 杨建平², 张浠^1,*

Author

GAO Zhenchao¹, YANG Jianping², ZHANG Xi^1,*

所在单位

1. 中国地质大学 (武汉) 工程学院, 武汉 430074
2. 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所, 武汉 430071

Company

1. Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2. Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China

浏览量

下载量

基金项目

本项研究得到了国家自然科学基金项目(资助号42277184)资助。

参考文献

[1] Zang, A, Yoon, J. S. , Stephansson, O. , Heidbach, O. Fatigue hydraulic fracturing by cyclic reservoir treatment enhances permeability and reduces induced seismicity[J], Geophysical Journal International, Volume 195, Issue 2, November, 2013, Pages 1282-1287,
https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt301.
[2] Gong F, Yan J, Wang Y, et al. Experimental study on energy evolution and storage performances of rock material under uniaxial cyclic compression[J]. Shock and Vibration, 2020, 2020: 1-14.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8842863.
[3] Walsh J B. The effect of cracks on the uniaxial elastic compression of rocks[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1965, 70(2): 399-411.
https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ070i002p00399.
[4] Kachanov M L. A microcrack model of rock inelasticity part I: Frictional sliding on microcracks[J]. Mechanics of Materials, 1982, 1(1): 19-27.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6636(82)90021-7.
[5] Horii H, Nemat-Nasser S. Overall moduli of solids with microcracks: load-induced anisotropy[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 1983, 31(2): 155-171.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(83)90048-0.
[6] Lawn B R, Marshall D B. Nonlinear stress-strain curves for solids containing closed cracks with friction[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 1998, 46(1): 85-113.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5096(97)00036-7.
[7] Feeny B, Guran A, Hinrichs N, et al. A historical review on dry friction and stick-slip phenomena[J]. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 1998, 51(5): 321-341.
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3099008.
[8] Ida Y. Cohesive force across the tip of a longitudinal-shear crack and Griffith􀆳s specific surface energy[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1972, 77(20): 3796-3805.
https://doi.org/10.1029/JB077i020p03796.
[9] Palmer A C, Rice J R. The growth of slip surfaces in the progressive failure of over-consolidated clay[J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 1973, 332(1591): 527-548.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1973.0040.
[10] Ruina A. Slip instability and state variable friction laws[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1983, 88(B12): 10359-10370.
https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB12p10359
[11] Uenishi K, Rice J R. Universal nucleation length for slip-weakening rupture instability under nonuniform fault loading[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2003, 108(B1).
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB001681.
[12] David E C, Brantut N, Schubnel A, et al. Sliding crack model for nonlinearity and hysteresis in the uniaxial stress-strain curve of rock[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2012, 52: 9-17.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.02.001.
[13] Cates M E, Wittmer J P, Bouchaud J P, et al. Jamming, force chains, and fragile matter[J]. Physical review letters, 1998, 81(9): 1841.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1841.
[14] Peters J F, Muthuswamy M, Wibowo J, et al. Characterization of force chains in granular material[J]. Physical review E, 2005, 72(4): 041307.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.72.041307.
[15] Zhang X, Jeffrey G R, Mai Y. A micromechanics-based Cosserat-type model for dense particulate solids[J]. ZAMP: Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Mathematik und Physik, 2006, 57(4): 682-707.
https://doi:10.1007/s00033-005-0025-6
[16] Greenwood J A, Williamson J B P. Contact of nominally flat surfaces[J]. Proceedings of the royal society of London. Series A. Mathematical and physical sciences, 1966, 295(1442): 300-319.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1966.0242.
[17] Yamada K, Takeda N, Kagami J, et al. Mechanisms of elastic contact and friction between rough surfaces[J]. Wear, 1978, 48(1): 15-34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(78)90135-7.
[18] Biegel R L, Wang W, Scholz C H, et al. Micromechanics of rock friction 1. Effects of surface roughness on initial friction and slip hardening in westerly granite[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1992, 97(B6): 8951-8964.
https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB00042.
[19] Bouchbinder, E. , E. A. Brener, I. Barel, and M. Urbakh, Slow cracklike dynamics at the onset of frictional sliding[ J]. 2011, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 235501.
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.235501
[20] 李国琛, 耶纳. 塑性大应变微结构力学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003.
[21] Mair K, Frye K M, Marone C. Influence of grain characteristics on the friction of granular shear zones[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2002, 107(B10): ECV 4-1-ECV 4-9.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000516.
[22] Morgan J K. Particle dynamics simulations of rate-and state-dependent frictional sliding of granular fault gouge[J]. Computational earthquake science part I, 2004: 1877-1891.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-004-2537-y.
[23] Scuderi M M, Collettini C, Viti C, et al. Evolution of shear fabric in granular fault gouge from stable sliding to stick slip and implications for fault slip mode[J]. Geology, 2017, 45(8): 731-734.
https://doi.org/10.1130/G39033.1.
[24] Okubo P G, Dieterich J H. Effects of physical fault properties on frictional instabilities produced on simulated faults[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1984, 89(B7): 5817-5827.
https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB07p05817
[25] Marone C. On the rate of frictional healing and the constitutive law for time-and slip-dependent friction[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 1997, 34(4): 187.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(97)00054-3.
[26] Nakatani M. A new mechanism of slip weakening and strength recovery of friction associated with the mechanical consolidation of gouge[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 1998, 103(B11): 27239-27256.
https://doi.org/10.1029/98JB02639.
[27] Dieterich J H. Constitutive properties of faults with simulated gouge[J]. Mechanical behavior of crustal rocks: the Handin volume, 1981, 24: 103-120.
https://doi.org/10.1029/GM024p0103.
[28] Dieterich J H, Kilgore B D. Direct observation of frictional contacts: New insights for sliding memory effects [J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 1994, 143(1): 283-302.
https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00874332
[29] Rice J R. The mechanics of earthquake rupture[M]. Providence: Division of Engineering, Brown University, 1979.
[30] Wong T F. On the normal stress dependence of theshear fracture energy[J]. Earthquake source mechanics, 1986, 37: 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1029/GM037p0001
[31] Brantut N, Schubnel A, Rouzaud J N, et al. High-velocityfrictional properties of a clay-bearing fault gouge andimplications for earthquake mechanics[J]. Journal ofGeophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2008, 113(B10).
https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB005551
[32] Hirakawa E, Ma S. Dynamic fault weakening andstrengthening by gouge compaction and dilatancy in afluid-saturated fault zone[J]. Journal of GeophysicalResearch: Solid Earth, 2016, 121(8): 5988-6008.
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012509.
[33] Cocco M, Bizzarri M. On the slip-weakening behavior ofrate-and state dependent constitutive laws[J]. GeophysicalResearch Letters, 2002, 29(11): 157-162.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL013999
[34] Marone C. Laboratory-derived friction laws and theirapplication to seismic faulting[J]. Annual Review ofEarth and Planetary Sciences, 1998, 26(1): 643-696.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.64

引用本文

高振朝, 杨建平, 张浠, 加卸载条件下岩石天然裂缝摩擦强度弱化机理的研究[J]. 中国石油天然气研究, 2025, 4(2): 10-22.

Citation

GAO Zhenchao, YANG Jianping, ZHANG Xi. Mechanism of frictional strength degradation of natural rock fractures under cyclic loading and unloading[J]. Chinese Petroleum and Natural Gas Research, 2025, 4(2): 10-22.