光伏产业是新能源产业的典型代表, 也是我国战略性新兴产业的重要组成部分, 是我国推进绿色低碳发展的重要保障。我国光伏产业虽然起步较晚, 但近十余年来, 在国家光伏补贴政策激励下, 产业得到了迅速成长, 并且我国目前已成长为全球光伏装机容量最大的国家。然而, 在产业发展过程中也出现了项目盲目扩张、过度依赖财政补贴、导致财政压力过大以及缺乏技术创新等一系列的问题。为促进光伏产业健康可持续发展、缓解财政资金压力, 国家逐步推进补贴退坡, 并在2022年彻底取消了光伏发电项目补贴。随着我国“碳达峰、碳中和”战略目标的提出和深入实施, 作为低碳、清洁能源代表的光伏产业又被赋予新的使命。有鉴于此, 本文基于博弈论视角, 通过分析我国光伏产业补贴政策演变及相应的光伏产业发展变化, 结合从业人员访谈, 对后补贴时代我国光伏产业发展面临的制约因素进行识别诊断, 并从政府治理、产业协同、社会公众等方面提出了具体的治理对策建议。

The photovoltaic industry is a typical representative of the new energy industry and an important component of China' s strategic emerging industries, as well as an important guarantee for promoting green and low-carbon development in our country. Although China' s photovoltaic industry started relatively late, over the past decade, driven by the national photovoltaic subsidy policy, the industry has witnessed rapid growth and China has now emerged as the world' s largest country in terms of photovoltaic installed capacity. Nevertheless, during the industrial development process, a series of issues have arisen, such as blind project expansion, excessive reliance on financial subsidies, excessive financial pressure and a lack of technological innovation. To promote the healthy and sustainable development of the photovoltaic industry and alleviate the pressure on financial funds, the government has gradually facilitated the reduction of subsidies and completely eliminated subsidies for photovoltaic power generation projects in 2022. With the proposition and in-depth implementation of China' s “carbon peak and carbon neutrality” strategic goals, the photovoltaic industry, as a representative of low-carbon and clean energy, has been entrusted with a new mission. In light of this, based on the perspective of game theory, by analyzing the evolution of China' s photovoltaic industry subsidy policy and the corresponding changes in the photovoltaic industry' s development, combined with interviews with practitioners, this paper identifies and diagnoses the constraints facing the development of China' s photovoltaic industry in the post-subsidy era and puts forward specific governance countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of government governance, industrial coordination and the public.