作为一次性塑料, 废弃渔网对海洋和生物多样性带来污染和破坏, 这是国际环境和塑料治理的热点。渔网材料主要由热塑性塑料组成, 包括聚酰胺 (尼龙, PA) , 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇脂 (PET) 和聚丙烯 (PP) 等。真正解决污染的方法是将废渔网带回再生, 并应用于高值化再生产品。

2023年4月, 由中华环保联合会申请的全球环境基金小额赠款计划项目“海南省三亚市海洋废弃渔网回收激励机制与再生高值化利用试点项目”研究团队在海南省三亚市开展了实地调研, 以便掌握当地的渔网使用、废弃、回收现状。

调研发现, 三亚渔民主要使用的渔具是刺网, 由于回收价值低、打捞成本高等原因, 当地暂未形成打通回收高价值再生的闭环产业链, 渔网使用后被废弃到海洋的现象普遍。调研还发现三亚渔民对提高渔网回收持积极的态度, 但其实际行动亦受到渔网回收价格、回收便利性等因素的制约。

研究团队根据本次渔网回收的调研结果, 为建立渔网回收与再生高值化利用的试点提供三点可行性建议。一是引入企业上下游及终端品牌企业, 使渔网再生后产出高价值再生产品, 从而提高渔网初步回收价格; 二是建立“集中回收示范点”, 通过差别价格补贴回收模式, 提升渔网回收效益; 三是建立渔网回收可追溯性和再生碳减排量化评价体系, 发挥渔网再生品的商业价值和碳市场价值; 四是加强渔网回收环境效益宣传, 通过开展能力建设和培训, 促进社区环境可持续发展。

As single-use plastics, abandoned fishing nets cause pollution and damage to the ocean and biodiversity. This is a hot topic in international environmental and plastic governance. Fishing net materials are mainly composed of thermoplastics, including polyamide (nylon, PA) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) . The real solution to pollution is to bring back waste fishing nets for recycling and use them in high-value recycled products. The research team conducted on-site research in Sanya City in April 2023.

The survey found that the main fishing gear used by fishermen in Sanya is gillnets. Due to reasons such as low recycling value and high salvage costs, the local area has not yet formed a closed-loop industrial chain for waste net high-value recycling. The survey also found that Sanya fishermen have a positive attitude towards increasing fishing net recycling, but their actual actions are also restricted by factors such as the price of fishing net recycling and the convenience of recycling.

Based on the survey results of this fishing net recycling, the research team provides four feasible suggestions for high-value utilization of fishing net recycling and regeneration. The first is to introduce upstream and downstream enterprises and terminal brand enterprises to regenerate fishing nets to produce high-value recycled products, thereby increasing the initial recycling price of fishing nets. The second is to establish a “centralized recycling demonstration site” to improve the efficiency of fishing net recycling through differential price subsidy recycling models. The third is to establish the traceability of fishing net recycling and the quantitative evaluation system of recycled carbon emission reduction to give full play to the commercial value and carbon market value of recycled fishing nets. The fourth is to strengthen the publicity of the environmental benefits of fishing net recycling and promote community environmental sustainability through capacity building and training. Continuous development.