在全球范围内, 人类面临着日益严峻的气候变化挑战, 绝大多数国家都在为解决这一问题而做出持续努力。农业生态系统既是重要的温室气体排放源, 同时又具有巨大的碳汇潜力, 所以农业生态系统减排增汇研究是应对气候变化挑战的重要举措。然而国内目前在碳汇方面的研究主要集中在森林、草原和海洋领域, 有关农业生态系统碳汇的研究相对较少。对于减少温室气体排放的研究也主要集中在工业、能源、建筑等领域, 农业领域缺乏重视。因此, 农业生态系统减排增汇研究亟待开展。本文系统梳理了在农业生态系统中减少温室气体排放以及增加碳汇的研究进展, 重点探讨了农业废弃物处理、肥料管理和土壤改良等一系列农业管理措施在农业生态系统减排增汇中的作用, 对农业生态系统减排增汇措施及未来研究方向提出了相关建议和展望, 以期为生态农业实践提供有益参考, 实现农业的绿色可持续发展。

Globally, mankind is facing an increasingly severe challenge of climate change, and the vast majority of countries are making sustained efforts to solve the problem. Agroecosystem is not only an important source of greenhouse gas emissions, but also has a large potential of carbon sink, so research on greenhouse gas mitigation and carbon sink in agroecosystems is an important initiative to address the challenge of climate change. However, the current domestic research on carbon sinks mainly focuses on forests, grasslands and oceans, and there are relatively few studies on carbon sinks in agroecosystems. Studies on greenhouse gas emission reduction is also mainly concentrated in the fields of industry, energy and lacks the attention in the field of agriculture. Therefore, the research on greenhouse gas mitigation and carbon sink in agroecosystems needs to be carried out urgently. This paper systematically reviewed the research progress to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sinks in agroecosystem, and focused on the role of a series of agricultural management measures, such as agricultural waste disposal, fertilizer management and soil improvement in reducing emissions and increasing sinks in agroecosystem, and put forward relevant suggestions and prospects for the measures to reduce emissions and increase sinks in agroecosystem and the future research direction, with a view to providing useful reference for agricultural practice and realize green and sustainable agricultural production.