煤矿开采会改变土地养分条件, 影响地表植被生长, 针对大同煤田腹地的山西云冈区缺乏植被覆盖时空变化分析研究的问题, 深度挖掘遥感数据的植被指数信息, 进行植被时间序列统计分析。基于2019年至2022年的Landsat8 OLI影像, 提取归一化植被指数、植被覆盖度、绿度变化率, 从植被指数中挖掘出云冈区的长时序植被覆盖类型、植被覆盖度、植被覆盖度变化, 从而研究云岗区植被的分布特征、变化趋势。试验结果表明: (1) 矿区地表植被以耕地、灌木及乔木为主体, 总体植被覆盖度较高, 以口泉断裂带划分的西北部山区和东南部平原区植被变化趋势差异较大, 从2019年至2022年西北部山区的优势地表植被类型从灌木、乔木逐渐向灌草转变, 植被覆盖度从高、中高向中转变, 东南部平原区地表植被覆盖类型变化不大, 植被覆盖度轻微退化。 (2) 从2019年至2022年, 云岗区植被覆盖度退化面积40%, 基本不变面积37%, 发生改善面积23%。采矿、耕地收割对植被有明显消极影响, 矿区复绿、耕地种植对植被有明显积极影响。下一步, 需持续监测云岗区植被动态变化, 并研究植被变化与矿山开采、生态修复的关系, 为指导全区生态建设提供数据支撑。

Coal mining will change the land nutrient conditions and affect the growth of surface vegetation. In view of the lack of analysis and research on the spatio-temporal changes of vegetation coverage in Yungang District, Shanxi Province, in the hinterland of Datong coalfield, deeply explored the vegetation index information from remote sensing data and conducted statistical analysis of vegetation time series. Based on landsat8 oli images from 2019 to 2022, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) , vegetation coverage and greenness change rate were extracted, and the long-term vegetation coverage types, vegetation coverage and vegetation coverage changes in Yungang district were mined from the vegetation index, so as to study the distribution characteristics and changing trend of vegetation in Yungang district. The results show that: (1) the surface vegetation in the mining area is mainly cultivated land, shrubs and trees, and the overall vegetation coverage is high. The vegetation change trends in the Northwest Mountainous Area and the southeast plain area divided by the Kouquan fault zone are quite different. From 2019 to 2022, the dominant surface vegetation types in the Northwest Mountainous area gradually change from shrubs and trees to shrubs and grassland, and the vegetation coverage changes from high to medium-high to medium, and the surface vegetation coverage types in the southeast plain area change little, and the vegetation coverage degrades slightly. (2) From 2019 to 2022, the degraded area of vegetation coverage in Yungang district is 40%, the basically unchanged area is 37%, and the improved area is 23%. Mining and farmland harvesting have a significant negative impact on vegetation, while mining area greening and farmland planting have a significant positive impact on vegetation. In the next step, it is necessary to continuously monitor the dynamic changes of vegetation in Yungang District, and study the relationship between vegetation changes and mining and ecological restoration, to provide data support for guiding the ecological construction of the whole region.