极端干旱与河湖水量调度失衡胁迫下湿地生态保育研究

周念清; ZHOU Nianqing; 郭梦申; GUO Mengshen; 蔡奕; CAI Yi; 陆帅帅; LU Shuaishuai; 刘晓群; LIU Xiaoqun; 赵文刚; ZHAO Wengang

doi:10.48014/fcws.20240126001

极端干旱与河湖水量调度失衡胁迫下湿地生态保育研究

Research on Wetland Ecological Conservation under Extreme Drought and Unbalanced Water Management of Rivers and Lakes

中国水科学前沿 2024年第2卷第3期页码[23-34] 下载全文[7.4MB] [HTML]

摘要

极端干旱天气是导致水资源短缺最重要、最直接的原因, 河湖水量调度失衡无法缓解水资源紧缺的供需矛盾。在极端干旱和人为活动因素双重胁迫下, 河湖湿地生态系统严重受损, 湿地退化明显加剧。2022年极端干旱给长江中下游及洞庭湖、鄱阳湖等湿地生态造成了巨大影响。为了探讨这一迫切需要解决的重大难题, 本文以洞庭湖和长江相关河系的依存关系为研究对象, 通过广泛的资料收集、现场调研和理论分析, 在研究极端干旱气候特征与流域水文响应关系的基础上, 聚焦江湖水量调度管理与湿地生态风险管控两大科学问题, 探讨气候变化和人类活动下河湖水文要素变异特性, 提出生态环境优先保护和发展战略, 构建流域湿地生境与水资源保护治理新格局, 实现以目标管理为导向, 倒逼水量调度, 创新调控手段和技术方法, 优化河湖水量调度管理模式, 增强水资源调蓄能力, 为水资源利用与湿地生态保育的协同发展提供重要的理论价值。

Abstract

Extreme dry weather is the most important and direct cause of water shortage. The imbalance of water regulation of rivers and lakes cannot alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. Under the dual stress of extreme drought and human activities, the river lake wetland ecosystem was seriously damaged and the wetland degradation was significantly intensified. The extreme drought in 2022 has made a huge impact on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River including the wetland ecology of the related lakes such as the Dongting Lake and the Poyang Lake. In order to find out solutions of solving such major problem, this paper, takeing the dependency relationship between the Dongting Lake and the related water systems of the Yangtze River as the research object, through extensive data collection, field survey and theoretical analysis based on the study of the relationship between extreme drought climate characteristics and watershed hydrological response, focuses on the two major scientific issues of water regulation management and wetland ecological risk management and control, and explores the variation characteristics of river and lake hydrological elements under climate change and human activities. Finally, the priority protection and development strategy of ecological environment is proposed and a new governance pattern for wetland habitat and water resource protection in river basin is constructed to realize the goal-oriented management, reverse water dispatch, innovate regulation means and technical methods, optimize the water regulation and management mode of rivers and lakes, and to enhance the water resource regulation and storage capacity. This paper will provide important theoretical value for the coordinated development of water resource utilization and wetland ecological conservation.

DOI	10.48014/fcws.20240126001
文章类型	综述
收稿日期	2024-01-26
接收日期	2024-05-23
出版日期	2024-09-28
关键词	极端干旱, 河湖, 水量调度, 湿地, 生态保育
Keywords	Extreme drought, rivers and lakes, water dispatch, wetland, ecological conservation
作者	周念清^1,*, 郭梦申¹, 蔡奕¹, 陆帅帅¹, 刘晓群², 赵文刚²
Author	ZHOU Nianqing^1,*, GUO Mengshen¹, CAI Yi¹, LU Shuaishuai¹, LIU Xiaoqun², ZHAO Wengang²
所在单位	1. 同济大学土木工程学院, 上海 200092 2. 湖南省水利水电科学研究院, 长沙 410007.
Company	1. School of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 2. Hunan Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Changsha 410007, China .
浏览量	344
下载量	97
基金项目	基金项目:国家自然科学基金战略研究项目(42242202)和国家自然科学基金(42272291,42077176)资助。
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引用本文	周念清, 郭梦申, 蔡奕, 等. 极端干旱与河湖水量调度失衡胁迫下湿地生态保育研究[J]. 中国水科学前沿, 2024, 2(3): 23-34.
Citation	ZHOU Nianqing, GUO Mengshen, CAI Yi, et al. Research on wetland ecological conservation under extreme drought and unbalanced water management of rivers and lakes[J]. Frontiers of Chinese Water Sciences, 2024, 2(3): 23-34.