纤维增强复合材料 (FRP) 从开发以来由于其多种优异的性能逐渐成为新型材料发展的一个重要方向, 但传统的玻璃纤维、碳纤维、玄武岩纤维等存在着成本和环境污染等多种问题, 相比之下天然作物纤维价低源广且环境友好, 为验证天然纤维代表之一黄麻纤维在复杂环境下的服役特性, 采用真空辅助成型 (Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion, VARI) 工艺制备了黄麻纤维增强复合材料层合板, 研究了层合板的吸湿性能并分析了4个温度和2种纤维层数对层合板的水吸收扩散性能的影响规律与机制。研究结果表明: 层合板的吸湿过程符合FICK第二定律, 但随着温度的升高FICK第二定律适用性会降低; 随着温度的升高, 层合板的吸湿速率成倍增长, 然而饱和吸湿率却下降, 层合板的腐蚀速度随之加剧; 层合板层数的增加影响层合板达到饱和吸湿率的时间增长, 同时扩散系数增大; 6层层合板在相同湿热环境中服役性能较好。

Fiber-reinforced composites (FRP) have gradually become an important direction for the development of new materials due to their various excellent properties since their development. However, traditional glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, etc. have various problems such as cost and environmental pollution, in contrast to natural crop fibers which are low-priced, widely available and environmentally friendly. In order to verify the service characteristics of jute fiber, one of the representatives of natural fibers, in complex environments, jute fiber reinforced composite laminates were prepared using Vacuum Assisted Resin Infusion (VARI) process, and the moisture absorption properties of the laminates were investigated and the influence law and mechanism of four temperatures and two fiber plies on the water absorption and diffusion properties of the laminates were analyzed. The results show that: the moisture absorption process of the laminate conforms to Fick’s second law, but the applicability of Fick’s second law decreases as the temperature increases; the moisture absorption rate of the laminate increases exponentially as the temperature increases, but the saturation rate decreases, and the corrosion rate of the laminate increases; the increase in the number of plies of the laminate affects the increase in the time to reach the saturation rate of the laminate, and the diffusion coefficient increases; the service performance of 6-layer laminate is better in the same hygrothermal environment.