作为与生态系统联系最紧密的地下水资源部分, 浅层地下水的可持续管理对保障水安全、粮食安全与生态环境、地质稳定至关重要。本文在概述我国浅层地下水资源情况的基础上, 分析其水位动态变化的自然与人为驱动因素, 进一步论述水位异常波动所引发的负面影响。在此基础上, 系统阐述了基于资源可持续性、农业生产保障与地质稳定等目标的差异化水位调控方法与结果, 提出了融合时空异质性、模型模拟和多目标进化算法 (MOEA) 的多目标协同优化的综合调控路径。最后, 本文展望了未来浅层地下水管理所面临的关键挑战, 以期为构建精准、动态的区域地下水调控体系提供参考。

As the groundwater resource most closely connected to ecosystems, the sustainable management of shallow groundwater is crucial for ensuring water security, food production, ecological security, and geological stability. This study outlines the status of shallow groundwater resources in China and examines both the natural and anthropogenic drivers governing groundwater-level dynamics. It also analyzes the adverse impacts associated with abnormal water-level fluctuations. Building on this foundation, the paper systematically elaborates on differentiated groundwater-level regulation strategies designed around specific management objectives, including resource sustainability, agricultural productivity, and geological safety. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization framework is proposed, which integrates spatiotemporal heterogeneity, model simulation, and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEA) . Finally, the study identifies key challenges facing future shallow groundwater management and provides a reference for building a precise and dynamic regional groundwater regulation system.