| 摘要 | 低龄未成年人严重暴力犯罪核准追诉制度, 系指依据2021年《刑法修正案 (十一) 》第17条第3款的规定, 针对12至14周岁未成年人犯下特定严重暴力犯罪的情形, 赋予最高人民检察院核准追诉权的法律机制。该制度在理念上汲取了国外二元制司法体系国家和地区的先议制度精髓以及“恶意补足年龄”制度, 展现出其前瞻性和实践意义。然而, 鉴于我国独特的国情以及一元制司法体系的实际状况, 该制度在司法实践中遭遇了一系列现实挑战与困境。为应对这些挑战, 可以从比较法的角度展开研究, 借鉴国外先议制度的成功经验, 以对相关法律制度进行修订与完善。明确核准追诉的实体与程序标准, 并强化未成年人司法保护体系的建设, 从而确保该条款的有效实施与公正执行, 在此基础上促进有中国特色的二元制司法体系的建立, 为未成年人司法保护提供更为坚实的制度保障。 |
| Abstract | The approval and prosecution system for serious violent crimes committed by minors, refers to the legal mechanism stipulated in Article 17, Paragraph 3 of the “Criminal Law Amendment (XI) ” in 2021, which grants the Supreme People' s Procuratorate the right to approve the prosecution for specific serious violent crimes committed by minors aged 12 to 14. This system, in its concept, draws on the essence of the preliminary hearing system and the “malice supplements age” system from dualistic judicial systems in other countries and regions, demonstrating its forward-looking and practical significance. However, given China' s unique national conditions and the actual situation of its monistic judicial system, this system has encountered a series of practical challenges and dilemmas in judicial practice. To address these challenges, research can be conducted from a comparative law perspective, drawing on the successful experiences of preliminary hearing systems abroad, to revise and improve relevant legal systems. Clarifying the substantive and procedural standards for approval and prosecution, and strengthening the construction of the juvenile justice protection system, will ensure the effective implementation and fair execution of this clause, and on this basis, promote the establishment of a dualistic judicial system with Chinese characteristics, providing a more solid institutional guarantee for the judicial protection of minors. |
| DOI | 10.48014/fcss.20241122002 |
| 文章类型 | 研究性论文 |
| 收稿日期 | 2024-11-22 |
| 接收日期 | 2024-12-25 |
| 出版日期 | 2025-03-28 |
| 关键词 | 未成年人犯罪, 最低刑事责任年龄, 先议制度, 少年法, 核准追诉 |
| Keywords | Juvenile delinquency, minimum age of criminal responsibility, right of first instance, juvenile law, authorization of prosecution |
| 作者 | 王一宁 |
| Author | WANG Yining |
| 所在单位 | 华东政法大学, 上海 201620 |
| Company | East China University of Political Science and Law, Shanghai 201620, China |
| 浏览量 | 55 |
| 下载量 | 22 |
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| 引用本文 | 王一宁. 低龄未成年人严重暴力犯罪核准追诉制度相关问题研究[J]. 中国社会科学前沿, 2025, 2(1): 1-7. |
| Citation | WANG Yining. Research on the related issues of the authorization and prosecution system of serious violent crimes committed by young minors[J]. Frontiers of Chinese Social Sciences, 2025, 2(1): 1-7. |