Promoting green development in agriculture and accelerating the process of agricultural modernization are essential for ensuring long-term food security. This paper, based on panel data from cities and prefectures in Sichuan Province from 2012 to 2022, examines the efficiency of green agricultural development, the level of food security in Sichuan Province, and the coupling coordination relationship between the two. The research results indicate: first, the efficiency of green agricultural development exhibits a ring-like pattern, increasing progressively outward with Chengdu at its center. Second, except for Chengdu, the food security index in other cities shows an upward trend. Third, the coupling coordination degree between them is roughly consistent with the fluctuation level of food security index, and the coupling coordination degree is increasing year by year, but the growth rate is slowing down. To improve the efficiency of agricultural development and the level of food security in Sichuan, it is necessary to actively implement the principle of “storing grain in land, ” emphasizing the protection of arable land; to actively implement the principle of “storing grain in technology, ” focusing on enhancing the support for green agricultural development through scientific and technological innovation and application, thereby consolidating the foundation of safe grain production; there is a need to establish new incentive mechanisms to motivate farmers' enthusiasm for grain cultivation, effectively addressing the issue of “who will grow the grain”; and to fully leverage the role of an “effective government” by strengthening governmental effective supervision during the process of green agricultural development.
