厌氧氨氧化脱氮组合新工艺的研究进展、存在问题和展望

Research Progress,Problems and Future Prospects of A New Combined Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation and Nitrogen Removal Process

厌氧氨氧化 (Anammox) 是一种经济高效的脱氮工艺, 因其显著优势在废水处理领域得到广泛关注。然而, 厌氧氨氧化菌 (AnAOB) 生长速度缓慢, 对操作和环境条件敏感, 阻碍了其广泛应用。尽管已经探究开发了不同的控制策略, 但仍面临脱氮性能不稳定、出水硝氮需要进一步处理等诸多挑战。由于Anammox在废水脱氮应用的重要性和必要性, 本文首先介绍了当前基于Anammox的生物脱氮系统, 鉴于含氮废水中亚硝氮来源不足, 可通过短程硝化 (PN) 或短程反硝化 (PD) 提供亚硝氮, 但系统运行稳定性和脱氮效率仍是Anammox工程应用的难点, 研究基于Anammox的组合新工艺来实现稳定的废水深度生物脱氮尤为重要。为此, 本文重点综述了Anammox耦合短程硝化反硝化 (SPNDA) 、人工湿地 (CW) 、除磷/回收磷工艺、反硝化除硫工艺 (SDA) 和反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化 (A-DAMO) 等脱氮组合系统的最新研究进展。从脱氮性能、影响因素、操作优势、研究进展、应用前景和面临的挑战等展开, 与单一的Anammox工艺相比, 组合工艺能够克服出水含有硝氮的问题 (SPNDA、A-DAMO、SDA) , 减轻有机物对AnAOB的抑制 (SPNDA、SDA、) , 回收不可再生资源 (HAP) , 实现清洁环境的同时具有显著的经济效益 (A-CW) , 为Anammox工艺的推广应用提供了灵活性, 为Anammox脱氮组合新工艺的未来研究开发应用明确了方向, 同时为开发更低能耗实现高效稳定脱氮工艺, 拓宽Anammox的工程化推广应用范围提供参考。

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is a cost-effective and efficient process for nitrogen removal, which has attracted widespread attention in the field of wastewater treatment due to its significant advantages. However, the slow rate of growth of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and its sensitivity to operational and environmental conditions hinder its wide application. Although various control strategies have been explored and developed, the application of Anammox process still faces many challenges, including unstable nitrogen removal performance and the necessity for additional treatment of effluent nitrate nitrogen. Due to the importance and necessity of Anammox in wastewater denitrification, this paper first introduces the present biological denitrification system based on Anammo. In view of the insufficient source of nitrite nitrogen in nitrogen-containing wastewater, nitrite nitrogen can be provided by partial nitrification (PN) or partial denitrification (PD) , however, the stability of system operation and efficiency of denitrification are still the difficulties in Anammox engineering applications. It is especially crucial to study the combined new processes based on Anammox to achieve stable deep biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. Therefore, this paper focuses on latest research progress in Anammox coupled simultaneous partial nitrification, denitrification and anammox (SPNDA) , constructed wetland (CW) , phosphorus removal/ recovery process, sulfur denitrification removal (SDA) and denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (ADAMO) . The nitrogen removal performance, influencing factors, operation advantages, research progress, application prospects and challenges are reviewed. Compared with the single Anammox process, the combined process offers several advantages, including overcoming the issue of nitrate in the effluent (SPNDA, A-DAMO, SDA) , alleviate the inhibition of organic matter on AnAOB (SPNDA, SDA) , recover non-renewable resources (HAP) , and achieve a clean environment with significant economic benefits (A-CW) , providing flexibility for the promotion and application of Anammox process. The study outlines future directionsfor researching, developing, and applying the Anammox combined nitrogen removal process, and at the same time provides as a reference for lowering energy consumption, achieving efficient and stable nitrogen removal processes, and broadensing the scope of engineering application.