通过将科技自主创新能力指标解析为创新资源投入产出效率、创新资源占有规模、预期创新进步水平, 测度了全国各省高技术产业的科技自主创新能力。结果表明: ①高技术产业科技自主创新能力强的省份偏少且互相差距较大, 众多创新能力弱的省份彼此差距小且与创新能力强的省份相比存在绝对劣势。东南沿海省份高技术产业利润较高、预期创新水平强大, 产业有进一步扩张趋势, 边陲省份与部分内陆省份则相反, 短期内创新进步空间有限, 两极化趋势明显。②大部分省份生产要素投入与利润产出效率基本同步, 投入和回报匹配; 上海、北京等少数地区利润产出强度高于要素投入强度, 投入产出效率高。黑龙江、贵州等一些高技术产业规模小的省份出现了创新资源投入强度低同时利润回报更低的“未老先衰”异常现象。③深入研究发现, 产生“未老先衰”问题的根源主要在于创新产品生产中的纯技术效率低下, 并经常在投入产出效率低与利润产出强度低之间陷入彼此强化的恶性循环。
The independent innovation ability indicator of the high-tech industry is decomposed by the inputoutput efficiency of innovation resources, the possession scale of innovation resources, and the expected level of innovation progress, which will evaluate China’s provincial independent innovation ability of the hightech industry. The results show that: ① There are few provinces with strong scientific and technological independent innovation ability in the high-tech industry, and the gap between them is large, while many provinces with weak innovation ability have a small gap with each other and an absolute inferior position compared with strong innovation ability provinces. The high-tech industry in the southeastern coastal provinces has higher profits, a stronger expected innovation level, and a further industry expansion trend, while some border and inland provinces have only limited space for innovation and progress in the short run, and the obvious polarization trend. ②The factor inputs to profit output efficiency in most provinces are roughly synchronized, and the inputs and returns match with each other: a few regions such as Shanghai and Beijing have higher profit output to factor input intensity, and higher input-output efficiency. Some provinces with small-scale high-tech industries, such as Heilongjiang and Guizhou province, have the abnormal phenomenon of “premature aging”, in which the input intensity of innovation resources is low and the return on profits is even lower. ③Deeper research found that the origin of the “premature aging” problem lies mainly in the low technical production efficiency of innovative products, as well as the self-reinforcing spiral between low input-output efficiency and low profit-output intensity.