永定河流域生态系统碳汇能力评估与生物多样性提升策略研究

王彤; WANG Tong; 孙佳琦; SUN Jiaqi

doi:10.48014/pceep.20250729003

永定河流域生态系统碳汇能力评估与生物多样性提升策略研究

Assessment of Ecosystem Carbon Sink Capacity and Strategies for Biodiversity Enhancement in the Yongding River Basin

中国生态环境保护进展 2025年第3卷第4期页码[29-36] 下载全文[0.7MB]

摘要

本研究首次构建了适用于北方季节性断流河流的碳汇监测评估体系, 创新性结合碳氮同位素分析与eDNA技术解析食物网结构, 并通过关键物种栖息地构建示范验证碳汇能力与生物多样性协同提升机制, 填补了该领域的研究空白。研究在永定河北京段170km河道设置34个固定监测点, 采用分层随机抽样方法覆盖官厅段 (23. 5%) 、山峡段 (29. 4%) 、城市段 (20. 6%) 和郊野段 (26. 5%) , 监测点涵盖溪流 (12个) 、湖泊 (8个) 、湿地 (10个) 和河漫滩 (4个) 等不同生境类型。通过水体TOC分析仪、土壤碳通量监测设备及OTC-Auto原位群落光合-呼吸监测系统, 开展滩地、水域碳通量月尺度变化特征监测。研究结果显示: 永定河北京段年均碳汇量为15. 34万吨CO2当量, 单位面积年均碳汇量为5. 28tCO2·hm-2·a-1, 较全国河流平均水平高40. 8%; 生态补水后碳汇能力提高28. 7%, 食物网连接度由补水前的1. 8增至2. 5; 关键物种栖息地构建使黑鹳目击次数达9. 3次/月, 底栖动物物种数从2种增至22种, Margalef丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别提高116. 7%和66. 7%; 碳汇能力与生物多样性呈显著正相关 (r=0. 83, p<0. 01) , Shannon-Wiener多样性指数每提高1个单位, 碳汇量增加0. 78tCO2·hm-2·a-1。本研究证实了碳汇能力与生物多样性之间的协同提升机制, 提出了生态连通性恢复、关键物种栖息地构建和食物网结构优化的协同路径, 为永定河流域生态修复提供了科学依据, 也为我国季节性断流河流生态系统碳汇计量与生物多样性保护提供了可复制、可推广的技术模式, 对实现流域碳中和目标和生态文明建设具有重要实践价值。

Abstract

This study pioneers the construction of a carbon sink monitoring and assessment system specifically designed for intermittent rivers in northern China. It innovatively integrates carbon-nitrogen isotope analysis with eDNA technology to elucidate food web structures, and validates the synergistic enhancement mechanism between carbon sink capacity and biodiversity through key species habitat construction demonstrations, thereby filling a critical research gap in this field. Along the 170-kilometer Beijing section of the Yongding River, 34 fixed monitoring sites were established employing stratified random sampling to cover the Guanting section (23. 5%) , mountain gorge section (29. 4%) , urban section (20. 6%) , and suburban section ( 26. 5%) . These monitoring sites encompass various habitat types including streams (12 sites) , lakes (8 sites) , wetlands (10 sites) , and floodplains (4 sites) . Using water TOC analyzers, soil carbon flux monitoring equipment, and OTC-Auto in-situ community photosynthesis-respiration monitoring systems, the study conducted monthly-scale monitoring of carbon flux variations in both beach areas and water bodies. Key findings reveal that the Beijing section of the Yongding River has an annual average carbon sink capacity of 153, 400 tons of CO2 equivalent, with a unit area annual average carbon sink capacity of 5. 28tCO2·hm-2·a-1, which is 40. 8% higher than the national average for rivers; after ecological water replenishment, the carbon sink capacity increased by 28. 7%, and food web connectivity improved from 1. 8 to 2. 5; the construction of key species habitat resulted in black stork sightings reaching 9. 3 times per month, with benthic animal species increasing from 2 to 22, and Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index improving by 116. 7% and 66. 7%, respectively; a significant positive correlation exists between carbon sink capacity and biodiversity (r=0. 83, p<0. 01) , with each unit increase in Shannon-Wiener diversity index corresponding to a 0. 78tCO2 ·hm-2 ·a-1 increase in carbon sink capacity. This research confirms the synergistic enhancement mechanism between carbon sink capacity and biodiversity, proposes integrated pathways including restoration of ecological connectivity, construction of key species habitats, and optimization of food web structure. It provides scientific basis for ecological restoration of the Yongding River Basin and offers a replicable and scalable technical model for carbon sink measurement and biodiversity conservation in seasonal intermittent river ecosystems in China, holding significant practical value for achieving basin carbon neutrality goals and advancing ecological civilization construction.

DOI

10.48014/pceep.20250729003

文章类型

研究性论文

收稿日期

2025-07-29

接收日期

2025-09-25

出版日期

2025-12-28

关键词

永定河流域, 生态系统碳汇, 生物多样性, 栖息地构建, 生态修复

Keywords

Yongding River Basin, ecosystem carbon sink, biodiversity, habitat construction, ecological restoration

作者

王彤^1,*, 孙佳琦²

Author

WANG Tong^1,*, SUN Jiaqi²

所在单位

1. 北京市北运河管理处, 北京 101100
2. 北京市永定河管理处, 北京 100043

Company

1. Beijing Beiyun River Administration, Beijing 101100, China
2. Beijing Yongding River Administration, Beijing 100043, China

浏览量

下载量

基金项目

北京水务青年科技骨干人才培养计划资助(BWAPT202403):“基于图像智能识别技术的滨水空间人员特定行为检测研究与应用”

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引用本文

王彤, 孙佳琦. 永定河流域生态系统碳汇能力评估与生物多样性提升策略研究[J]. 中国生态环境保护进展, 2025, 3(4): 29-36.

Citation

WANG Tong,SUN Jiaqi.Assessment of ecosystem carbon sink capacity and strategies for biodi-versity enhancement in the Yongding River Basin [J].Progress in Chinese Eco-Environmental Protection, 2025,3(4):29-36.