Based on the results of the first national pollutant source census in 2007 (hereinafter referred to as the first pollutant census) and the second national pollutant source census in 2017 (hereinafter referred to as the second pollutant census) , this paper analyzes the current situation of various pollutants in the past ten years. The differences in the contents of the two censuses, and the comparison of the data from the two censuses, show that China’s ecological and environmental protection work has made positive progress, in which China's ability to comprehensively manage water pollution has been greatly improved, the discharge of water pollutants from industrial sources has been significantly improved, the control effect of atmospheric pollutants has been remarkable, and various environmental indicators have been optimized in a comprehensive manner. However, there are still challenges in environmental protection: the national water pollutant emissions are still huge, of which the contribution of agricultural sources and living sources of water pollutant emissions increased, living sources have become the focus of water pollutant emissions control; the national air pollutant prevention and control potential is huge, industrial sources are still an important source of air pollutant emissions in the country, and mobile sources have become a key focus of air pollution control. At the same time, the changes in the direction of air pollutant control under the background of “carbon peak carbon neutral” are summarized; The disposal and utilization efficiency of solid waste still needs to be strengthened, and the cumulative storage of industrial hazardous waste has increased dramatically. In conclusion, China’s overall pollution prevention and control has made great achievements, and the future ecological environment work has a long way to go. The overall pollution management needs to be based on the "two pollution census", and the precise application of policy.
