基于2007年的第一次全国污染源普查 (简称“一污普”) 和2017年的第二次全国污染源普查 (以下简称“二污普”) 结果, 分析了十年来各类污染物相关现状。两次普查内容存在差别, 同时对比两次普查数据说明, 我国生态环保工作已取得积极进展, 其中我国水污染综合治理能力大幅提升, 工业源水污染物排放状况大幅改善, 大气污染物控制效果显著, 各项环境指标得到全面优化。但环境保护工作依旧存在挑战: 全国水污染物排放量依然巨大, 其中农业源与生活源水污染物排放贡献率加大, 生活源成为水污染物排放控制的重点; 全国大气污染物防控潜力巨大, 工业源依然是全国大气污染物重要排放源, 移动源成为大气污染控制的重点, 同时总结了在“碳达峰碳中和”背景下大气污染物控制方向已经做出的改变; 固废的处置利用效率仍需加强, 工业危废累积贮存量剧增。总而言之, 我国污染防控整体卓有成就, 未来的生态环境工作任重道远, 污染治理整体需以“二污普”为依据, 精准施策。

Based on the results of the first national pollutant source census in 2007 (hereinafter referred to as the first pollutant census) and the second national pollutant source census in 2017 (hereinafter referred to as the second pollutant census) , this paper analyzes the current situation of various pollutants in the past ten years. The differences in the contents of the two censuses, and the comparison of the data from the two censuses, show that China’s ecological and environmental protection work has made positive progress, in which China's ability to comprehensively manage water pollution has been greatly improved, the discharge of water pollutants from industrial sources has been significantly improved, the control effect of atmospheric pollutants has been remarkable, and various environmental indicators have been optimized in a comprehensive manner. However, there are still challenges in environmental protection: the national water pollutant emissions are still huge, of which the contribution of agricultural sources and living sources of water pollutant emissions increased, living sources have become the focus of water pollutant emissions control; the national air pollutant prevention and control potential is huge, industrial sources are still an important source of air pollutant emissions in the country, and mobile sources have become a key focus of air pollution control. At the same time, the changes in the direction of air pollutant control under the background of “carbon peak carbon neutral” are summarized; The disposal and utilization efficiency of solid waste still needs to be strengthened, and the cumulative storage of industrial hazardous waste has increased dramatically. In conclusion, China’s overall pollution prevention and control has made great achievements, and the future ecological environment work has a long way to go. The overall pollution management needs to be based on the "two pollution census", and the precise application of policy.