如何拍摄非人电影-效率美学的叙述惯例与非人影像的生成

How to Film the Nonhuman Movies:Narrative Conventions of Efficiency Aesthetics and the Generation of Nonhuman Images

在当代主流电影生产中, 叙事结构及视听语言的内在机制, 与好莱坞的外部制度结构相互作用, 共同对观众的注意力与时间进行精准操控。这一过程构成了“效率电影”的美学核心。本文结合保罗·利科“三重模仿”的叙述时间理论与贝尔纳·斯蒂格勒关于时间性的三重结构, 探讨效率美学如何在技术与资本的共同作用下, 塑造并不断强化“作为惯例的电影叙述语境”, 从而形成特定的感知模式。进一步以“空镜头”为切入点, 区分效率电影与生态电影的图像政治, 并在非人本体论的背景下, 探讨影像脱离人类中心叙事逻辑的可能性。通过分析《午餐休息》和皮埃尔·于热的《卡马塔》, 提出生成“非人电影”的两种策略: 其一, 通过“脆弱性”进入可受影响的状态, 使非人之物逼迫语言结构发生崩塌; 其二, 重构电影的惯例性叙述语境, 使之成为物自我发声的发生域。

In contemporary mainstream film production, the internal mechanisms of narrative structureand efficiency-oriented audiovisual language operate in tandem with the external institutional framework of Hollywood to exert precise control over audiences’ attention and time. This dynamic constitutes the aesthetic core of “efficiency cinema. ” Drawing on Paul Ricoeur’s narrative time theory of the “threefold mimesis” and Bernard Stiegler’s tripartite structure of temporality, the article examines how the aesthetics of efficiency—shaped and continually reinforced by the combined forces of technology and capital—establish and stabilize a “habitual cinematic narrative context, ” thereby conditioning modes of audience perception. Using the “empty shot” as a critical entry point, it distinguishes the image politics of efficiency cinema from those of ecological cinema and, within the framework of nonhuman ontology, explores the possibility for the image to disengage from anthropocentric narrative logic. Through analyses of Lunch Break and Pierre Huyghe’s Camata, the article identifies two potential strategies for generating “nonhuman cinema”: first, adopting an aesthetic posture of “vulnerability” to enter a receptive state in which nonhuman entities compel a collapse of linguistic structures; and second, activating the habitual narrative conventions of cinema so that they become sites for the thing’s self-articulation.