留守儿童和流动儿童心理健康问题的社会服务异质性研究

支愧云; ZHI Kuiyun; 丁思源; DING Siyuan; 杨林; YANG Lin; 袁善凤; YUAN Shanfeng; 牟红燕; MOU Hongyan; 李贤艳; LI Xianyan; 祝志慧; ZHU Zhihu

doi:10.48014/pcms.20241231003

留守儿童和流动儿童心理健康问题的社会服务异质性研究

Research on the Heterogeneity of Social Services for the Mental Health of Left-behind Children and Migrant Children

中国心理科学通报 2025年第3卷第1期页码[27-40] 下载全文[2.9MB]

摘要

随着我国社会发展与城市化进程加快, 人口流动频繁, 留守儿童和流动儿童群体应运而生, 其心理健康面临诸多挑战, 引起社会广泛关注。本研究以 2005—2024 年为时间跨度, 分别在中国知网和 Web of Science 数据库, 以特定主题词检索相关文献, 运用 CiteSpace 文献计量分析和文献综述法展开研究。流动儿童社会服务包括教育支持、社区服务、心理咨询、家庭辅导等模式; 留守儿童社会服务包括社区空间营造、课后服务、代理家长制度、社会捐赠和关爱活动及专业社会工作服务等。影响因素方面, 流动儿童需融入城市, 服务提供者多样但资源受流动性影响, 服务侧重互动; 留守儿童渴望情感支持, 服务提供者以教师和志愿者为主, 资源匮乏, 方式传统。成效上, 流动儿童在心理、行为、家庭关系和社会交往等方面均有改善; 留守儿童也有积极变化但受限于服务持续性与深度。研究发现当前两类儿童服务存在诸多问题, 如资源分配严重不均, 城市与农村以及不同地区间服务资源差距大; 协同机制不完善, 政府、学校、社会组织等主体缺乏有效沟通协作, 出现服务重复或空白, 降低效率效益。未来应优化服务实践, 针对流动儿童, 流入地与流出地要深度合作, 建立信息共享平台; 针对留守儿童, 加大农村资源投入, 建设专业设施, 利用技术搭建亲子互动平台。通过这些措施解决现存问题, 提升两类儿童心理健康社会服务的整体水平, 切实保障他们的心理健康权益, 助力其全面成长与社会融入。

Abstract

With the acceleration of China􀆳s social development and urbanization process, population mobility has become frequent, giving rise to the groups of left-behind children and migrant children.Their mental health faces numerous challenges and has attracted widespread social attention.This study, spanning from 2005 to 2024, retrieved relevant literature from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science databases using specific keywords, and conducted research using CiteSpace bibliometric analysis and the literature review method.In terms of social service models, migrant children have models such as educational support, community services, psychological counseling, and family tutoring.Left-behind children have models including community space creation, after-school services, the surrogate parent system, social donations and care activities, and professional social work services.In terms of influencing factors, migrant children need to integrate into the city.The service providers are diverse, but the resources are affected by mobility, and the services emphasize interaction.Left-behind children are eager for emotional support.The service providers are mainly teachers and volunteers, with scarce resources and traditional service methods.In terms of effectiveness, migrant children have shown improvements in psychology, behavior, family relationships, and social interactions.Left-behind children also have positive changes but are limited by the continuity and depth of services.The study found that there are many problems in the current services for these two types of children.For example, the distribution of resources is extremely uneven, with large gaps in service resources between cities and rural areas and among different regions.The coordination mechanism is imperfect.The main bodies such as the government, schools, and social organizations lack effective communication and cooperation, resulting in service duplication or gaps and reducing efficiency and effectiveness.In the future, service practices should be optimized.For migrant children, the inflow and outflow areas should cooperate in depth to establish an information sharing platform.For left-behind children, more resources should be invested in rural areas to build professional facilities and use technology to build a parent-child interaction platform.Through these measures, the existing problems can be solved, the overall level of mental health social services for these two types of children can be improved, their mental health rights and interests can be effectively protected, and their all-round growth and social integration can be facilitated

DOI

10.48014/pcms.20241231003

文章类型

综述

收稿日期

2024-12-31

接收日期

2025-01-11

出版日期

2025-03-28

关键词

流动儿童, 留守儿童, 心理健康, 社会服务

Keywords

Migrant children, left-behind children, mental health, social services

作者

支愧云^*, 丁思源, 杨林, 袁善凤, 牟红燕, 李贤艳, 祝志慧

Author

ZHI Kuiyun^*, DING Siyuan, YANG Lin, YUAN Shanfeng, MOU Hongyan, LI Xianyan, ZHU Zhihu

所在单位

重庆大学公共管理学院, 重庆 400044

Company

School of Public Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

浏览量

156

下载量

基金项目

本项研究得到了国家社会科学基金项目一般项目“留守和流动儿童心理健康的社会影响及治理机制研究”(项目编号:21BSH117)资助。

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引用本文

支愧云, 丁思源, 杨林, 等. 留守儿童和流动儿童心理健康问题的社会服务异质性研究[J]. 中国心理科学通报, 2025, 3(1): 27-40.

Citation

ZHI Kuiyun, DING Siyuan, YANG Lin, et al. Research on the heterogeneity of social services for the mental health of left-behind children and migrant children[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Psychological Sciences, 2025, 3(1): 27-40.