基于人口与城镇格局演变的西藏自治区可持续城镇化研究

田明; TIAN Ming; 田一聪; TIAN Yicong

doi:10.48014/csdr.20240719004

基于人口与城镇格局演变的西藏自治区可持续城镇化研究

A Study on Sustainable Urbanization Based on Ecological Protection and Human Wellbeing in Xizang Autonomous Region

中国可持续发展评论 2024年第3卷第3期页码[82-94] 下载全文[5.9MB] [HTML]

摘要

西藏自治区人口演变与城镇化是青藏高原生态安全屏障建设和可持续发展的关键影响变量。在详细描述1982年到2020年西藏人口数量、结构、分布格局及其演变的基础上, 研究了西藏城镇化发展的主要问题及推动可持续城镇化的对策。研究发现最近10年西藏人口发展格局发生了转折性变化, 城镇化快速发展正成为推动西藏人口格局演变的核心因素; 然而人口过度分散, 城镇体系结构不合理, 主要城镇服务功能不足, 对居民的服务不足; 人口与城镇最主要的两大集聚区“一江两河”地区和色尼-卡若区域城镇化发展面临着建设用地严重短缺及峡谷地形地貌的制约, 生态保护压力大等问题。研究提出以保护青藏高原生态环境和促进人民群众民生福祉“双赢”为基础, 适应城镇化快速发展和人口迁移加速的趋势推进人口集聚, 并以人口服务全覆盖为基础, 通过构建“中心城市-县城”为主干的二级城镇体系格局, 提高和完善县城的服务功能; 因地制宜解决城镇拓展用地难题。最后以异地合作社的模式保障转移人口的收入不降低, 以人力资本提升、社会保障兜底、生态产业发展三条措施防止进城农牧民返贫。

Abstract

Population evolution and urbanization in Xizang Autonomous Region are key variables influencing the construction of ecological security barrier and sustainable development on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Based on a detailed description of the number, structure, distribution pattern and evolution of the population in Xizang from 1982 to 2020, this paper studies the main problems of urbanization development in Xizang and the countermeasures to promote sustainable urbanization. It is found that in recent 10 years transforming changes have taken place in Xizang’s population pattern, and the rapid development of urbanization is becoming the core factor. However, the over-dispersed population, unreasonable urban system and insufficient service function of major cities and towns are the main problems faced by Tibet and its sustainable development of urbanization. The two most important agglomeration areas of population and towns, the “One River and Two Tributaries” area and the Seni-Karub area, are facing serious shortages of construction land, the constraints of canyons, and the pressure of ecological protection. Accordingly, the study proposes several suggestions to build a sustainable development model on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, based on “win-win” efforts to protect the plateau’s ecological environment and promote people’s livelihood. First of all, the population distribution pattern should be changed from “mainly scattered” to “mainly concentrated” to adapt to the rapid development of urbanization and the acceleration of population migration. Secondly, based on full coverage of population services, a secondary urban system pattern of “central city-county town” should be constructed to improve and perfect the service function of county towns. Thirdly, the problem of land use for urban expansion can be solved according to local conditions without damaging the ecological environment. Finally, the model of non-local cooperatives is used to ensure that the income of the transferred population does not decrease, and the three measures are taken to prevent farmers and herdsmen in cities from returning to poverty, including human capital improvement, social security supplement, and ecological industry development.

DOI

10.48014/csdr.20240719004

文章类型

研究性论文

收稿日期

2024-07-19

接收日期

2024-07-27

出版日期

2024-09-28

关键词

人口分布, 城镇格局, 生态环境, 城镇化, 可持续发展, 西藏自治区

Keywords

Ecological environment, urbanization, sustainable development, Xizang Autonomous Region

作者

田明^*, 田一聪

Author

TIAN Ming^*, TIAN Yicong

所在单位

北京师范大学政府管理学院, 北京 100875

Company

School of government, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

浏览量

332

下载量

168

参考文献

[1] 方创琳, 李广东. 西藏新型城镇化发展的特殊性与渐进模式及对策建议[J].中国科学院院刊, 2015, 30(3): 294-305.
[2] 新华社. 2013年中央城镇化工作会议公报[R].
http://www.gov.cn/ldhd/2013-12/14/content_2547880.htm,2013-12-14.
[3] 冯雨雪, 李广东. 青藏高原城镇化与生态环境交互影响关系分析[J]. 地理学报, 2020, 75(7): 1386-1405.
[4] 西藏自治区统计局, 西藏自治区第七次全国人口普查领导小组办公室.西藏自治区第七次全国人口普查主要数据公报[R].
http://www.xizang.gov.cn/zwgk/zfsj/ndtjgb/202105/t20210520_202889.html,2021-05-20.
[5] 樊杰, 王海. 西藏人口发展的空间解析与可持续城镇化探讨[J]. 地理科学, 2005, 25(4): 3-10.
[6] 高卿, 苗毅, 宋金平. 青藏高原可持续发展研究进展[J].地理研究, 2021, 40(1): 1-17.
[7] 周兴维. 藏区城镇化的路径选择[J]. 现代经济探讨, 2014(2): 39-41.
[8] 马玉英. 青藏高原城市化的制约因素与发展趋势分析[J]. 青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2006(4): 22-25.
[9] CHEN M X, LU D D, ZHA L Y. The comprehensive evaluation of China's urbanization and effects on resources an and environment[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2010, 20(1): 17-30.
[10] KRANK S, WALLBAUM H, GRÊT-REGAMEY A. Perceived contribution of indicator systems to sustainable development in developing countries[J]. Sustainable Development, 2013, 21(1): 18-29.
[11] MOUSSIOPOULOS N, ACHILLAS C, VLACHOKOSTAS C, et al. Environmental, social and economic information management for the evaluation of sustainability in urban areas: A system of indicators for Thessaloniki, Greece[J]. Cities, 2010, 27(5): 377-384.
[12] YIGITCANLAR T, DUR F, DIZDAROGLU D. Towards prosperous sustainable cities: A multiscalar urban sustainability assessment approach[J]. Habitat International, 2015, 45: 36-46.
[13] 马延吉, 艾小平. 基于2030年可持续发展目标的吉林省城镇化可持续发展评价[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(3): 487-495
[14] 陈明星, 叶超, 陆大道, 等. 中国特色新型城镇化理论内涵的认知与建构[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(4): 633-647.
[15] 冯俊华, 张路路. 陕西省新型城镇化与生态环境协调度研究[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(11): 1-13.
[16] 方创琳. 青藏高原城镇化发展的特殊思路与绿色发展路径[J]. 地理学报, 2022, 77(08): 1907-1919.
[17] ZHOU K, WU J Y, LIU H C. Spatio-temporal estimation of the anthropogenic environmental stress intensity in the Three-River-Source National Park region, China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021(318): 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128476
[18] 田一聪, 田明, 李鹏, 等. 西藏自治区城镇化与生态系统服务协调发展研究[J]. 地理科学进展, 2023, 42(10): 1947-1960.
https://doi.org/10.18306/dlkxjz.2023.10.007
[19] 田明. 中国就业结构转变与城市化[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2008.
[20] 田一聪, 田明, 魏金鹏等. 青藏高原人口空间分布格局及其演变特征[J]. 科技促进发展, 2022, 18(5): 620-628.
https://doi.org/10.11842/chips.20220608002
[21] 戚伟, 刘盛和, 周亮. 青藏高原人口地域分异规律及“胡焕庸线”思想应用[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(2): 49-61.
[22] 王超, 阚瑷珂, 曾业隆, 等. 基于随机森林模型的西藏人口分布格局及影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(4): 664-680.
[23] 傅小锋. 青藏高原城镇化及其动力机制分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2000, 15(4): 369-374.
[24] 西藏自治区统计局. 西藏自治区统计年鉴2020[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2021
[25] 张海朋, 樊杰, 何仁伟, 等. 青藏高原高寒牧区聚落时空演化及驱动机制———以藏北那曲县为例[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(10): 1642-1653.
[26] 刘庆芳, 宋金平. 青藏高原县域人口与公共服务适配性与优化策略[J]. 经济地理, 2022, 42(6): 43-50.
[27] 高兴川, 曹小曙, 李涛, 等. 1976—2016年青藏高原地区通达性空间格局演变[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(6): 1190-1204.
[28] 西藏自治区发展与改革委员会. 西藏自治区主体功能区规划[Z]. drc. xizang. gov. cn/zwgk_1941/fz/gn/, 2014-10.
[29] 肖碧微, 周伟, 唐伟, 等. 藏北高原重点生态功能区人口迁移趋势及对城镇化格局影响[J]. 山地学报, 2014, 32(4): 497-504.
[30] 刘振, 刘盛和, 戚伟, 等. 青藏高原流动人口居留意愿及影响因素[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2142-2156.

引用本文

田明, 田一聪. 基于人口与城镇格局演变的西藏自治区可持续城镇化研究[J]. 中国可持续发展评论, 2024, 3(3): 82-94.

Citation

TIAN Ming, TIAN Yicong. A study on sustainable urbanization based on ecological protection and human wellbeing in Xizang Autonomous Region[J]. Chinese Sustainable Development Review, 2024, 3(3): 82-94.