2024年5月3日 星期五
西方城市和社区环境对糖尿病的影响路径研究评述
A Review of Research on the Impact Path of Western Urban and Community Environments on the Risk of Diabete
中国地理科学评论  2023年第1卷第1期 页码[31-45]    下载全文[1.7MB]  [HTML]  
摘要

2019年我国糖尿病患者数量达1. 16亿, 位居世界第一。糖尿病对国民健康和社会经济发展产生了巨大威胁, 迫切需要多学科的协同研究。基于此, 本文系统梳理了近年来西方学界关于城市和社区环境对糖尿病影响的研究, 归纳出城市层面的城市化水平、城市形态、族裔文化与居住隔离、通勤方式等因素驱动的影响路径, 和社区层面的社区食物环境、社区体力活动空间、社区及周边绿色空间、社区社会环境和噪音等因素驱动的影响路径, 并评述以上环境因素主要通过影响个体的生活方式、体力活动、饮食行为、心理压力、睡眠等行为和心理因素, 进而对糖尿病患病风险产生间接影响。本文将为正在起步的我国城市建成环境对糖尿病影响的研究提供借鉴, 亦为“健康我国2030”策略提供研究支撑。

Abstract

The number of people with diabetes in China reached 116 million in 2019, ranking first in the world. Diabetes is a great threat to national health and socio-economic development, which requires multidisciplinary collaborative research and intervention. Based on this, this paper systematically reviews the empirical studies on the impact of urban and community environments on diabetes in western academic fields in recent years. This paper summarizes the impact path driven by influencing factors such as urbanization level, urban form, ethnic culture and residential isolation, as well as commuting mode at the city level, and that driven by influencing factors such as community food environment, community physical activity space, community and surrounding green space, community social environment, as well as noise at the community level. It is pointed out that the above-mentioned environmental factors have an indirect influence on the risk of diabetes mainly through influencing individual lifestyle, physical activity, dietary behavior, psychological stress, sleep and other behavioral and psychological factors. This paper is aimed at providing theoretical reference for the emerging empirical research on the impact of urban built environment on diabetes in China, and providing research support for Health China 2030 strategies.  

DOI10.48014/cgsr.20220602001
文章类型综述性论文
收稿日期2022-06-03
接收日期2022-08-11
出版日期2023-03-28
关键词城市环境, 社区环境, 糖尿病, 饮食行为, 体力活动
KeywordsUrban environment, community environment, diabetes, dietary behaviors, physical activities
作者韩羽婷1, 盛明洁1,*, 薛司徒2
AuthorHAN Yuting1, SHENG Mingjie1,*, XUE Situ2
所在单位1. 天津大学建筑学院, 天津 300072
2. 中国医学科学院医药生物技术研究所, 北京 100050
Company1. School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
2. Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
浏览量530
下载量225
基金项目首都区域空间规划研究北京市重点实验室开放课题“京津冀特大城市地区社区建成环境与社会经济特征对健康的影响研究”(CLAB202008)资助
参考文献[1] Allender S, Foster C, Hutchinson L, et al. Quantification of urbanization in relation to chronic diseases in developing countries: A systematic review[J]. Journal of Urban Health, 2008, 85(6): 938-951.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-008-9325-4
[2] Popkin B M, Gordon-Larsen P. The nutrition transition: Worldwide obesity dynamics and their determinants[J]. International Journal of Obesity, 2004, 28(S3): S2-9.
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802804
[3] 张毓辉, 万泉, 柴培培, 等. 我国糖尿病医疗费用及筹资负担研究[J]. 中国卫生经济, 2017, 36(04): 17-19.
https://doi.org/10.7664/CHE20170404
[4] Gassasse Z, Smith D, Finer S, et al. Association between urbanisation and type 2 diabetes: An ecological study [J]. BMJ Global Health, 2017, 2(4).
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000473
[5] 李哲, 刘剑君, 韩晓燕, 等. 城市化对慢性非传染性疾病影响的相关研究现状[J]. 中国慢性病预防与控制, 2019, 27(01): 61-64, 68.
https://doi.org/10.16386/j.cjpccd.issn.1004-6194.2019.01.017
[6] 周素红, 张琳, 林荣平. 地理环境暴露与公众健康研究进展[J]. 科技导报, 2020, 38(07): 43-52.
[7] Keen H, Track N S. Age of onset and inheritance of diabetes: the importance of examining relatives[J]. Diabetologia, 1968, 4(6): 317-321.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01211765
[8] Razykov A, Liberman I S. Incidence of glycosuria among the population of different age groups living in Andizhan and in the Andizhan district[J]. Problemy endokrinologii, 1978, 24(1): 16-21.
[9] Gavin J R. Diabetes in minorities: Reflections on the medical dilemma and the healthcare crisis[J]. Transactions of the American Clinical & Climatological Association, 1996, 107: 213.
[10] Gittelsohn J, Harris S B, et al. Use of ethnographic methods for applied research on diabetes among the Ojibway-Cree in northern Ontario[J]. Health Education Quarterly, 1996, 23(3): 356-382.
https://doi.org/10.1177/109019819602300307
[11] Salois M J. Obesity and diabetes, the built environment, and the ‘local’ food economy in the United States, 2007[J]. Economics & Human biology, 2012, 10(1): 35-42.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2011.04.001
[12] Williams D R, Collins C. Racial residential segregation: A fundamental cause of racial disparities in health[J]. Public Health Reports, 2001, 116(5): 404-416.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50068-7
[13] Ewing R, Meakins G, Hamidi S, et al. Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, and morbidity-Update and refinement[J]. Health & Place, 2014, 26: 118-126.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.12.008
[14] Myers C A, Slack T, Broyles S T, et al. Diabetes prevalence is associated with different community factors in the diabetes belt versus the rest of the United States [J]. Obesity, 2017, 25(2): 452-459.
https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21725
[15] Murphy D, Chapel T, Clark C. Moving diabetes care from science to practice: The evolution of the National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program[J]. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2004, 140(11): 978-984.
https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-11-200406010-00040
[16] Bjärås G, Ahlbom A, et al. Strategies and methods for implementing a community-based diabetes primary prevention program in Sweden[J]. Health Promotion International. 1997, 12(2): 151-160.
https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/12.2.151
[17] Langwell K, Keene C, Zullo M, et al. An American Indian Community implements the chronic care model: Evolution and lessons learned[J]. Health Promotion Practice, 2014, 15(2 Suppl): 23S-28S.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839914544171
[18] Amuda A T, Berkowitz S A. Diabetes and the built environment: Evidence and policies[J]. Current Diabetes Reports, 2019, 19(7):
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1162-1
[19] Pasala S K, Rao A A, Sridhar G R. Built environment and diabetes[J]. International Journal of Diabetes In Developing Countries, 2010, 30(2): 63-68.
https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-3930.62594
[20] Madill R, Badland H, Mavoa S, et al. Comparing private and public transport access to diabetic health services across inner, middle, and outer suburbs of Melbourne, Australia[J]. BMC Health Services Research, 2018, 18.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3079-9
[21] Paquet C, Coffee N T, et al. Food environment, walkability, and public open spaces are associated with incident development of cardio-metabolic risk factors in a biomedical cohort[J]. Health & Place, 2014, 28: 173-176.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2014.05.001
[22] IDF DIABETES ATLAS Ninth edition 2019[R]. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation, 2019.
[23] Kahn S E, Hull R L, Utzschneider K M. Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes [J]. Nature, 2006, 444(7121): 840-846.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05482
[24] Use of Glycated Haemoglobin(HbA1c)in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011.
[25] Emilie A, Peter A, Johan H, et al. Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. International Journal of Epidemiology, 2011(3): 804.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr029
[26] Hu F B. Globalization ofdiabetes: The role of diet, lifestyle, and genes[J]. Diabetes Care, 2011, 34(6): 1249-1257.
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-0442
[27] Dong G, Qu L, Gong X, et al. Effect of social factors and the natural environment on the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus[J]. International Journal of Endocrinology, 2019(1): 1-7.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8749291
[28] Misra A, Vikram N K. Insulin resistance syndrome(metabolic syndrome)and obesity in Asian Indians: Evidence and implications[J]. Nutrition, 2004, 20(5): 482-491.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.01.020
[29] Lopez-Jaramillo P, Lopez-Lopez J, et al. Epidemiology of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Latin America [J]. Current Hypertension Reviews, 2021, 17(2): 112-120.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1573402116999200917152952
[30] Jannasch F, Kroger J, Schulze M B. Dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of prospective studies[J]. Journal Of Nutrition, 2017, 147(6): 1174-1182.
https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.242552
[31] Bailey D P, Hewson D J, et al. Sitting time and risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 57(3): 408-416.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.04.015
[32] Barglow P, Hatcher R, Edidin D V, et al. Stress and metabolic control in diabetes: psychosomatic evidence and evaluation of methods[J]. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1984, 46(2): 127-144.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-198403000-00005
[33] Neamat-Allah J, Barrdahl M, et al. Weight cycling and the risk of type 2 diabetes in the EPIC-Germany cohort [J]. Diabetologia, 2015, 58(12): 2718-2725.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-015-3755-9
[34] Liu SY, Walter S, et al. Genetic vulnerability to diabetes and obesity: does education offset the risk? [J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2014, 127: 150-158.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.09.009
[35] Dinca-Panaitescu S, Dinca-Panaitescu M, et al. Diabetes prevalence and income: Results of the Canadian Community Health Survey[J]. Health Policy, 2011, 99(2): 116-123.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.07.018
[36] Carlsson S, Andersson T, et al. Incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes by occupation: Results from all Swedish employees[J]. Diabetologia, 2020, 63(1): 95-103.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-04997-5
[37] Piwernetz K, Home, et al. Monitoring the targets of the St Vincent Declaration and the implementation of quality management in diabetes care: The diabcare initiative [J]. Diabetes Medicine, 1993, 10(4): 371-377.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1993.tb00083.x
[38] Lovic D, Piperidou A, et al. The growing epidemic of diabetes mellitus[J]. Current Vascular Pharmacology, 2020, 18(2): 104-109.
https://doi.org/10.2174/1570161117666190405165911
[39] Colagiuri R, Colagiuri S, et al. The answer to diabetes prevention: science, surgery, service delivery, or social policy? [J]. American Journal Public Health, 2006, 96(9): 1562-1569.
https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.067587
[40] Katchunga P B, Cikomola J, Tshongo C, et al. Obesity and diabetes mellitus association in rural community of Katana, South Kivu, in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: Bukavu Observcohort study results[J]. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 2016, 16.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-016-0143-5
[41] Jorgensen M E, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. Diabetes in Greenland and its relationship with urbanization[J]. Diabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(6): 755-760.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03527.x
[42] Kelly-Schwartz A C, Stockard J, Doyle S, et al. Is sprawl unhealthy? A multilevel analysis of the relationship of metropolitan sprawl to the health of individuals[ J]. Journal of Planning Education And Research, 2004, 24(2): 184-196.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0739456X04267713
[43] Chandrabose M, Rachele J N, Gunn L, et al. Built environment and cardio-metabolic health: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies[J]. Obesity Reviews, 2019, 20(1): 41-54.
https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12759
[44] Pohanka M, Fitzgerald S. Urban sprawl and you: How sprawl adversely affects worker health[J]. Official Journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 2004, 52(6): 242-246.
https://doi.org/10.1177/216507990405200605
[45] Lee I M, Ewing R, Sesso H D. The built environment and physical activity levels: The Harvard Alumni Health Study[J]. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2009, 37(4): 293-298.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.06.007
[46] Mueller N, Daher C, Rojas-Rueda D, et al. Integrating health indicators into urban and transport planning: A narrative literature review and participatory process [J]. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2021, 235: 113772.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113772
[47] Stevenson, Mark, Thompson, et al. Land use, transport, and population health: estimating the health benefits of compact cities [J]. Lancet, 2016, 388(10062): 2925-2935.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30067-8
[48] Marshall W E, Piatkowski D P, Garrick N W. Community design, street networks, and public health[J]. Journal of Transport & Health, 2014, 1(4): 326-340.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2014.06.002
[49] Brown A F, Ettner S L, Piette J, et al. Socioeconomic position and health among persons with diabetes mellitus: A conceptual framework and review of the literature[ J]. Epidemiologic Reviews, 2004, 26: 63-77.
https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxh002
[50] Walsh M E, Katz M A, Sechrest L. Unpacking cultural factors in adaptation to type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. Medical Care, 2002, 40(1): 129-139.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200201001-00014
[51] Crespo C J, Smit E, Carter-Pokras O, Andersen R. Acculturation and leisure-time physical inactivity in Mexican American adults: results from NHANES III, 1988- 1994[J]. American Journal Public Health, 2001, 91(8): 1254-1257.
https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.8.1254
[52] Huang B, Rodriguez B L, Burchfiel C M, et al. Acculturation and prevalence of diabetes among Japanese-American men in Hawaii[J]. American Journal of Epidemiology, 1996, 144(7): 674-681.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008980
[53] Sundquist J, Winkleby M. Country of birth, acculturation status and abdominal obesity in a national sample of Mexican-American women and men[J]. International Journal Epidemiology, 2000, 29(3): 470-477.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/29.3.470
[54] Hogue K. Issegregation bad for your health? [J]. Epidemiologic Reviews, 2009, 31(1): 178-194.
https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxp001
[55] Piccolo R S, Duncan D T, Pearce N, et al. The role of neighborhood characteristics in racial/ethnic disparities in type 2 diabetes: Results from the Boston Area Community Health(BACH)Survey[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2015, 130: 79-90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.01.041
[56] Haynes-Maslow L, Leone L A. Examining the relationship between the food environment and adult diabetes prevalence by county economic and racial composition: an ecological study[J]. BMC Public Health, 2017, 17.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4658-0
[57] Laveist T A, Thorpe R J, Galarraga J E, et al. Environmental and socio-economic factors as contributors to racial disparities in diabetes prevalence[J]. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2009, 24(10): 1144-1148.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-009-1085-7
[58] Hu G, Qiao Q, Silventoinen K, et al. Occupational, commuting, and leisure-time physical activity in relation to risk for Type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Finnish men and women[J]. Diabetologia, 2003, 46(3): 322-329.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-003-1031-x
[59] Sato K K, Hayashi T, Kambe H, et al. Walking to work is an independent predictor of incidence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men: The kansai healthcare study[J]. Diabetes Care, 2007, 30(9): 2296-2298.
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-0090
[60] Millett C, Agrawal S, Sullivan R, et al. Associations betweenactive travel to work and overweight, hypertension, and diabetes in India: A cross-sectional study[J]. PLoS Medicine, 10, 6(2013-6-11), 2013, 10(6): e1001459.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001459
[61] Brinks R, Hoyer A, Kuss O, et al. Projected effect of increasedactive travel in German urban regions on therisk of type 2 diabetes[J]. PLOS One, 2015, 10(4).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122145
[62] Bryant L M, Eicher-Miller H A, Korucu I, et al. Associationsbetween subjective and objective measures of thecommunity food environment and executive function inearly childhood[J]. Nutrients, 12(7).
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12071944
[63] Herrick C J, Yount B W, Eyler A A. Implications of supermarketaccess, neighbourhood walkability and povertyrates for diabetes risk in an employee population[J]. Public Health Nutrition, 2016, 19(11): 2040-2048.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980015003328
[64] Menezes M, Ferrer C P, Auchincloss A H, et al. Longitudinalchanges in the retail food environment inMexico and their association with diabetes[J]. Health& Place, 2020, 66: 102461.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102461
[65] Wiki J, Kingham S, Campbell M. Ageospatial analysisof type 2 diabetes mellitus and the food environment inurban New Zealand[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2020: 113231.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113231
[66] Ntarladima A M, Karssenberg D, Poelman M, et al. Associationsbetween the fast-food environment and diabetesprevalence in the Netherlands: A cross-sectionalstudy[J]. The Lancet Planetary Health, 2022, 6(1): e29-e39.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00298-9
[67] Bodicoat D H, Carter P, Comber A, et al. Is the numberof fast-food outlets in the neighbourhood related toscreen-detected type 2 diabetes mellitus and associatedrisk factors? [J]. Public health nutrition, 2015, 18(9): 1698-1705.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980014002316
[68] Sarkar C, Webster C, Gallacher J. Are exposures toready-to-eat food environments associated with type 2diabetes? A cross-sectional study of 347-551 UKBiobank adult participants[J]. The Lancet PlanetaryHealth, 2018, 2(10): e438-e450.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(18)30208-0
[69] Aune D, Norat T, Leitzmann M, et al. Physical activityand the risk of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review anddose-response meta-analysis[J]. European Journal ofEpidemiology, 2015, 30(7): 529-542.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-015-0056-z
[70] Booth G L, Creatore M I, Moineddin R, et al. Unwalkableneighborhoods, poverty, and the risk of diabetes amongrecent immigrants to Canada compared withlong-term residents[J]. Diabetes Care, 2013, 36(2): 302-308.
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-0777
[71] Kowaleski-Jones L, Zick C, Smith K R, et al. Walkableneighborhoods and obesity: Evaluating effects with apropensity score approach[J]. SSM-Population Health, 2018, 6: 9-15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.11.005
[72] Dalton A, Jones A, Sharp S J, et al. Residential neighbourhoodgreenspace is associated with reduced risk ofincident diabetes in older people: A prospective cohortstudy[J]. BMC Public Health, 2016, 16(1): 1171.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3833-z
[73] India-Aldana S, Kanchi R, Adhikari S, et al. Impact ofland use and food environment on risk of type 2 diabetes: A national study of veterans, 2008-2018[J]. EvnironmentalReserach, 2022, 122: 113-146.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022:113146
[74] Nguyen Q C, Belnap T, Dwivedi P, et al. Google streetview images as predictors of patient health outcomes, 2017-2019[J]. Big Data Cogn. Comput. 2022, 6(1): 15.
https://doi.org/10.3390/bdcc6010015
[75] Gibson J M, Rodriguez D, Dennerlein T, et al. Predictingurban design effects on physical activity and publichealth: A case study[J]. Health& Place, 2015, 35: 79-84.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.07.005
[76] Hackett R A, Steptoe A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus andpsychological stress: A modifiable risk factor[J]. NatureReviews Endocrinology, 2017, 13(9): 547-560.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.64
[77] Astell-Burt T, Feng X, Kolt G S. Is neighborhood greenspace associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes?Evidence from 267, 072 Australians[J]. Diabetes Care, 2014, 37(1): 197-201.
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-1325
[78] Bodicoat D H, O'Donovan G, et al. The association betweenneighbourhood greenspace and type 2 diabetes ina large cross-sectional study[J]. BMJ Open, 2014, 4(12).
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006076
[79] Müller G, Harhoff R, Rahe C, et al. Inner-city greenspace and its association with body mass index andprevalent type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study in anurban German city[J]. BMJ Open, 2018, 8(1).
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019062
[80] Smalls B L, Gregory C M, Zoller J S, et al. Effect ofneighborhood factors on diabetes self-care behaviors inadults with type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Research &Clinical Practice, 2014, 106(3): 435-442.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2014.09.029
[81] Gebreab S Y, Hickson D A, Sims M, et al. Neighborhoodsocial and physical environments and type 2 diabetesmellitus in African Americans: The Jackson heartstudy[J]. Health & Place, 2017, 43: 128-137.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.12.001
[82] Steve S L, Tung E L, Schlichtman J J, et al. Socialdisorderin adults with type 2 diabetes: Building on race, place, and poverty[J]. Current Diabetes Reports, 2016, 16(8): 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0760-4
[83] Dendup T, Astell-Burt T, Feng X. Residential self-selection, perceived built environment and type 2 diabetesincidence: A longitudinal analysis of 36, 224 middle toolder age adults[J]. Health & Place, 2019, 58: 102154.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102154
[84] Ingram M, Mayorga M T, Mel, et al. The animadoraproject: Identifying factors related to the promotion ofphysical activity among Mexican Americans with diabetesHHS public access[J]. American journal ofhealth promotion, 2019, 23(6): 396-402.
https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.08021915
[85] Gebreab S Y, Hickson D A, et al. Neighborhood socialand physical environments and type 2 diabetes mellitusin African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study[J]. Health Place, 2018, 43: 128-137.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.12.001
[86] Lusk S L, Gillespie B, Hagerty B M, et al. Acuteeffectsof noise on blood pressure and heart rate[J]. Archivesof Environmental Health An International Journal, 2004, 59(8): 392-399.
https://doi.org/10.3200/AEOH.59.8.392-399
[87] Ising H, Kruppa B. Health effects caused by noise: evidencein the literature from the past 25 years[J]. Noise& Health, 2004, 6(22): 5.
[88] Stamatakis K A, Punjabi N M. Effects of sleep fragmentationon glucose metabolism in normal subjects[J]. Sleep, 2013, 137(1): 95-101.
https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.09-0791
[89] Sorensen M, Andersen Z J, Nordsborg R B, et al. Longtermexposure to road traffic noise and incident diabetes: A cohort study[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2013, 121(2): 217-222.
https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205503
[90] Heidemann C, Niemann H, Paprott R, et al. Residentialtraffic and incidence of Type 2 diabetes: The Germanhealth interview and examination surveys[J]. DiabeticMedicine, 2014, 31(10): 1269-1276.
https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12480
[91] Charlotte C, Hind S, Lillian T, et al. Association oflong-term exposure to transportation noise and trafficrelatedair pollution with the incidence of diabetes: Aprospective cohort study[J]. Environmental HealthPerspectives, 2017, 125(8): 087025.
https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1279
引用本文韩羽婷, 盛明洁, 薛司徒. 西方城市和社区环境对糖尿病的影响路径研究评述[J]. 中国地理科学评论, 2023, 1(1): 31-45.
CitationHAN Yuting, SHENG Mingjie, XUE Situ. A review of research on the impact path of western urban and community environments on the risk of diabetes[J]. Chinese Geography Sciences Review, 2023, 1(1): 31-45.
©版权所有：科学足迹出版社      技术支持: e投稿系统
23/F HO KING COMM CTR, 2-16 FAYUEN ST MONGKOK KLN, HONG KONG