拉伸机是一种十分精密的测试设备, 它可以测试一些材料的力学性能。在拉伸机上, 夹持装置就是防止拉伸实验的过程中出现相对位移以及振动现象产生的装置。夹持装置是试验机上最重要的一部分结构组成, 夹持装置主要的任务就是控制需要被夹持试样的自由度, 从而更进一步对所需要加持的各种试样添加载荷, 最终完成材料的力学性能试验。但目前的现有的夹具机构主要是液压式、气动式、机械式夹具。目前现有的机械式夹具在夹紧过程在还会存在弯曲应力, 该现象会影响实验的准确性。设计一款能够实现夹持力可调控, 并且夹持的方式为平推的一种夹具机构。一款电动控制类型的夹具机构十分罕见, 因此在本文中在此基础上对电动控制夹具进行了设计。主要内容如下: (1) 在现有夹具类型的基础之上, 研究了夹具的工作方式, 掌握夹具相关的工作原理。 (2) 分析了夹具机构的主要组成部分, 确定了设计方案, 完成了对驱动部分的构件的选型以及夹具机构内部相关构件的选型。 (3) 利用理论力学知识对夹具主体进行了受力分析, 完成相关的计算, 利用SolidWorks完成了对整个机构的实体建模, 利用ANSYS软件对关键的零部件进行了受力分析, 验证了选材以及设计的正确性、安全性。

夹具机构的主要零部件完成相应的受力分析, 与理论计算结果进行对比验证, 最终实现对夹 具机构的电动控制, 完成了夹具机构的设计。

Tensile machine is a very sophisticated test equipment, which can test the mechanical properties of some materials. In the drawing machine, the clamping device is to prevent the relative displacement and vibration phenomenon in the process of tensile test. The clamping device is the most important part of the structure of the test machine, and the main task of the clamping device is to control the degree of freedom of the specimen needs to be clamped, so as to further add loads to the various specimens to be held, and finally complete the mechanical property test of the material. But at present, the existing fixture mechanism is mainly hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical fixture. At present, the existing mechanical fixture still has bending stress during the clamping process, which will affect the accuracy of the experiment. Therefore, a clamping mechanism with adjustable clamping force and flat pushing is designed. An electric control type fixture mechanism is very rare, so in this paper, an electrically controlled fixture is designed on this basis. The main contents are as follows: (1) On the basis of the existing fixture types, the working mode of the fixture is studied, and the working principle related to the fixture is mastered. (2) The main components of the fixture mechanism are analysed, the design scheme is determined, and the selection of the components of the drive part and the selection of the related components within the fixture mechanism is completed. ( 3) The force analysis of the main body of the fixture is carried out by using theoretical mechanics knowledge, and the relevant calculations are completed. The solid modeling of the whole mechanism is completed by using SolidWorks. The force analysis of key parts is carried out by using ANSYS software, and the correctness and safety of material selection and design are verified.

The main parts of the fixture mechanism to complete the corresponding force analysis, and the theoretical calculation results are compared and verified, and finally realize the electric control of the fixture mechanism and complete the design of the fixture mechanism.