公民身份的意义是国际关系学科中至关重要的一点, 而公民身份的演变已经成为全球化对国家性质影响的辩论中的一项关键因素。学者们特别关注的是, 全球化条件, 诸如人员流动性、跨国威胁和资本流动的增加, 究竟使公民身份的性质变得更自由化, 还是更严格化?近年来, 黄金签证、黄金护照等投资入籍项目成为公民身份变迁的催化剂, 并引发了一系列关于开放与限制背景下公民身份建构的探讨与研究。本文考察了投资入籍 (黄金签证、黄金护照) 项目对公民身份自由化或其他方面的作用。所采取的方法考虑了核心和边缘国家在这场自由化辩论中的经验, 并提出了这样一个问题: 投资公民身份如何影响核心和边缘国家的公民身份建构?研究发现, 这些项目使核心和边缘国家在正式公民身份层面进一步自由化, 但在非正式公民身份层面的影响则截然不同。

The significance of citizenship is a crucial point in the discipline of international relations, and the evolution of citizenship has become a key factor in the debate on the impact of globalization on the nature of states. Scholars are particularly concerned about whether globalization conditions, such as increased mobility of people, transnational threats, and capital flows, have made the nature of citizenship more liberal or stricter? In recent years, investment citizenship projects such as gold visas and gold passports have become catalysts for the transformation of citizenship, and have sparked a series of discussions and research on the construction of citizenship under the background of openness and restrictions. This article examines the impact of investment citizenship (Gold Visa, Gold Passport) projects on citizenship liberalization or other aspects. The approach taken takes into account the experiences of core and peripheral countries in this liberalization debate and raises the question of how investing in citizenship affects the construction of citizenship in core and peripheral states? Research has found that these projects further liberalize core and peripheral states at the level of formal citizenship, but their impact at the level of informal citizenship is vastly different.