对执行违法军事命令行为的规制是我国刑法体系中的一个缺漏。国际社会逐渐演进出了“执行违法命令不免责”的塑造模式, 相比而言, 我国刑法目前只规定了发布不当命令的指挥官责任, 对执行违法军事命令行为的下级军人的责任却并未提及。为此可以在我国刑法第十章中塑造“上级命令不免责”的刑事责任追究模式, 在刑法420、421、428条增设但书条款, 在第十章增加“故意执行违法军事命令罪”。

The regulation of executing illegal military orders constitutes a gap in China's criminal law system. In contrast to the internationally evolving paradigm of “no exemption from liability for executing illegal orders, ” China's current criminal law solely stipulates the responsibility of commanders who issue improper orders, while remaining silent on the accountability of subordinate military personnel who execute such illegal military orders. To address this, a model of criminal accountability under the principle of “no exemption for superior orders” could be established within Chapter 10 of China's Criminal Law. This would involve amending Articles 420, 421, and 428 by adding provisos and introducing a new crime of “intentionally executing illegal military orders” in Chapter 10. This approach aligns with the principles of Military Criminal Law and International Criminal Law, ensuring that military personnel violating their duties through the execution of illegal orders face appropriate legal consequences.