锑 (Sb) 基材料具有高的理论容量 (660mAh g-1) 和合适的钠离子嵌入电位, 被认为是最有发展前景的钠离子电池阳极材料之一, 有望改善钠离子电池容量较低的问题。但是, Sb在充放电过程中的体积膨胀显著, 无法稳定发挥其储能优势。本文通过在液相还原过程中引入N/F共掺杂碳纳米片 (NF-CNs) 诱导形成纳米化的Sb颗粒, 从而缓解Sb的体积膨胀现象, 防止Sb在充放电过程中的聚集和粉碎。其次, Sb纳米颗粒可以与电解质溶液充分接触, 缩短离子扩散路径, 从而改善电极材料的动力学特性。引入的碳基质不仅可以防止循环过程中Sb纳米颗粒的团聚, 也为离子和电子的快速转移提供了高导电性通路。基于上述优化, Sb@NF-CNs阳极的储钠性能得到明显改善, 组装的钠离子电池在电流密度为0. 1A g-1 时, 经过50 次循环充放电后, 可逆容量为304. 7mAh g-1, 在电流密度为1. 0A g-1时, 经过200次循环充放电后, 可逆容量仍可达163mAh g-1, 并具有优异的倍率性能。

Antimony (Sb) -based materials with high theoretical capacity (660mAh g-1) and suitable sodium ion embedding potentials are considered as one of the promising anode materials for sodium-ion batteries, which is expected to improve the low capacity of sodium-ion batteries. However, its volume expansion during the charge/discharge process is evident, thus failing to stabilize its capacity advantage. Herein, nanosized Sb particles are induced to form. by introducing N/F co-doped carbon nanosheets (NF-CNs) during the liquid phase reduction process, which alleviates the volume expansion phenomenon of Sb and prevents Sb aggregation and pulverization during the charge/discharge process. Secondly, the Sb nanoparticles can contact with the electrolyte solution sufficiently and shorten the ion diffusion route, thus improving the kinetic characteristics of the material. The introduced carbon matrix not only prevents agglomeration of Sb nanoparticles during the cycling process, but also provides a highly conductive pathway for the rapid ion and electron transfer. Based on the above optimization, the sodium storage performance of the Sb@NF-CNs anode is significantly improved, and the assembled sodium-ion battery has a reversible capacity of 304. 7mAh g-1 after 50 cycles at the current density of 0. 1A g-1 and a reversible capacity of 163mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at the current density of 1. 0A g-1 with excellent rate performance.