单宁酸是一类植物多酚, 广泛存在于五倍子、茶叶等天然草本植物中, 具有止血、消炎、抗菌、抗氧化等功能。其结构中含有丰富的儿茶酚基团, 表现出极高的反应活性, 不仅可与血细胞、血浆蛋白等发生作用, 促进血管收缩、血液凝固; 也可与生物大分子、金属离子、合成高分子结合, 制备成水凝胶、海绵、涂层、颗粒等多种形式; 还可以解决伤口愈合过程中出血、感染、氧化等诸多问题, 具有制备高性能止血材料的潜力。近年来, 研究人员报道了许多形式多样、制备简单、性能优异的单宁酸止血材料, 引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。因此本文聚焦于单宁酸的止血特性, 归纳总结了单宁酸的止血机理和相关止血材料的设计思路; 依据材料类型和产品特点对常见的单宁酸止血材料进行了总结; 最后对其可能存在的不足和以后的发展方向进行了探讨, 以期为深入研究单宁酸止血材料提供可靠依据。

Tannic acid is a class of plant polyphenols, which widely exists in natural herbs such as Chinese gallnut and tea. It has the functions of hemostasis, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant. Its structure is rich in catechol groups and exhibits extremely high reactivity, which can not only interact with blood cells and plasma proteins to promote vasoconstriction and blood coagulation, but also combine with biological macromolecules, metal ions and synthetic polymers to prepare hydrogels, sponges, coatings, particles, or other forms; it can also solve many problems related to bleeding, infection, and oxidation during wound healing, and has the potential to prepare high-performance hemostatic materials. Recently, researchers have reported various tannic acid hemostatic materials that are simple to prepare and have excellent properties, attracting widespread attention from scholars at home and abroad. Therefore, this paper focuses on the hemostatic properties of tannic acid, and summarizes the hemostatic mechanism of tannic acid and the design ideas of related hemostatic materials; summarizes the common tannin hemostatic materials were summarized based on material types and product characteristics; finally, discusses the possible limitations and future development directions, to provide a reliable basis for in-depth research on tannic acid hemostatic materials.