From the perspective of systems theory, this paper preliminarily explores topics closely related to human beings such as science, philosophy, the universe, and human existence. Since the beginning of human civilization, countless philosophers have begun to explore the issues of the universe and life. So far, many philosophical schools have been formed, but none of them have become universally accepted theories The eternal questions—“Where does life come from? Where does death lead? Who am I?”—have long perplexed generations of thinkers. Modern science, built upon philosophical foundations, has become the most reliable method for exploring the universe and human existence. Systems theory serves as the best demonstrative framework for scientific methodology, providing a unique perspective that meets scientific standards for understanding these domains. It helps break down disciplinary barriers and form. a comprehensive, holistic cognition. By analyzing the core concepts of systems theory, the essence of science and philosophy, and the scientific approaches to investigating the universe and human existence, this paper reveals the intrinsic connections and mutual influences among these fields. The aim is to offer new pathways for interdisciplinary research into these age-old mysteries of the universe and human existence.