Interdisciplinary scientific literacy constitutes a vital component of the comprehensive literacy required for graduate students in ecology. STEM education serves as an effective paradigm for fostering such interdisciplinary literacy. From the perspective of STEM education, the scientific literacy of ecology graduate students includes the construction of scientific knowledge, the training of scientific methods, the cultivation of scientific thinking, the adherence to scientific ethics, and the transformation of scientific research outcomes. By reinforcing curriculum reform. to consolidate professional knowledge, emphasizing practical activities to enhance scientific research capabilities, developing scientific and technological thinking to improve innovation, and constructing interdisciplinary platforms to broaden the knowledge horizons, the scientific research abilities of graduate students can be significantly enhanced. Additionally, strategies such as strengthening ethics education to standardize academic conduct and improving evaluation mechanisms to enhance training quality can comprehensively elevate the interdisciplinary scientific literacy of graduate students in ecology, thereby cultivating a greater number of high-quality innovative talents for ecological research.