随着建筑业智能化、绿色化转型加速, 市场对高素质技术技能人才需求迫切。本研究基于市场需求视角, 以道路与桥梁工程技术专业为例, 深入分析了高职学生就业能力的现状, 指出其知识掌握不牢固、实践操作能力差等问题与市场对高素质技术技能人才的需求存在明显错位。本研究以市场需求为视角, 综合运用文献分析、半结构化访谈等方法, 对来自企业、院校及行业协会的专家进行调研, 构建并优化了包含专业知识与技能、通用技能、职业潜能与职业素养四个维度的就业能力框架, 并提出以下就业能力提升路径: 深化产教融合, 构建校企协同育人机制; 重构课程体系, 强化核心能力靶向培养; 强化实践教学, 打通技能转化“最后一公里”; “技能+潜能+素养”, 锻造 多维度核心竞争力。这不仅是破解当前道桥专业高职学生就业困境的必然要求, 更是推动高职教育实现从“规模扩张”到“质量提升”转型的关键路径。本研究旨在通过优化供给端结构, 助力道桥专业高职学生实现更充分、更高质量的就业。
With the accelerated transformation of the construction industry towards intelligence and sustainability, there is an urgent demand for high-quality technical and skilled personnel in the market. This study, based on the perspective of market demand, takes the Road and Bridge Engineering Technology major as an example to analyze the current employment capabilities of vocational college students in depth. It points out that there is a significant misalignment between the markets demand for high-quality technical and skilled personnel and the students issues, such as inadequate knowledge mastery and poor practical skills. Employing methods such as literature analysis and semi-structured interviews, this research investigates experts from enterprises, educational institutions, and industry associations, constructing and optimizing an employment capabilities framework that includes four dimensions: professional knowledge and skills, general skills, career potential, and professional qualities. It proposes the following pathways for enhancing employment capabilities: deepening industry-education integration to establish a collaborative school-enterprise education mechanism; restructuring the curriculum system to strengthen targeted training of core competencies; enhancing practical teaching to bridge the “last mile” of skill transformation; and fostering a multidimensional core competitiveness through “skills + potential + qualities. ” This is not only an inevitable requirement to address the current employment difficulties faced by vocational college students in the Road and Bridge major but also a key pathway to promoting the transformation of vocational education from “scale expansion” to “quality improvement. ” This study aims to optimize the structure of the supply side to assist vocational college students in the Road and Bridge major in achieving more sufficient and higher-quality employment.