清代中后期, 地方社会利用捐置田产、存典生息这类方式, 搭建出以“宾兴”为代表的科举资助体系。本文以浙江兰溪县作为例子, 按照《光绪兰溪县志》记载的宾兴章程, 分析科试路费田、乡闱卷资田以及文武乡会试旅费这三项基金的设立背景、管理办法和运行方式。研究结果表明, 兰溪宾兴的制度设计有着资金保值、分配公平、权责清楚的理性特点, 它采用“绅董经管—官绅协作—禀请立案”的管理方式, 能看出清代基层社会在国家治理体系之外形成的自我管理能力。兰溪宾兴这个案例说明, 清代科举宾兴不是单独存在的慈善活动, 而是融入特定时空分布格局和历史文化传统里的制度现象, 它的章程文本的精细程度、修改的频率, 也能佐证地方公益组织朝着制度化方向发展的趋势。 

In the middle and late Qing dynasty, local societies established an imperial examination funding system represented by the Binxing tradition by means of donating land endowments and generating interest through pawned deposits. Taking Lanxi County in Zhejiang Province as a case study, this paper analyzes the founding background, administrative regulations and operational mechanisms of three types of funds— namely the imperial examination travel stipend fields, the provincial examination examination-fee fields, and the travel grants for both civil and military candidates participating in provincial and metropolitan examinations— based on the Binxing regulations recorded in Guangxu Annals of Lanxi County. The research findings indicate that the institutional design of Lanxi’s Binxing system embodied rational characteristics including capital preservation, equitable distribution, and clear division of rights and responsibilities. Adopting a management model of administration by local gentry directors, official-gentry collaboration, and official registration via petition, it reflects the capacity for self-governance formed at the grassroots level in the Qing Dynasty beyond the national governance system. illustrates that the imperial examination Binxing system in the Qing Dynasty was not an isolated charitable activity, but an institutional phenomenon embedded within the specific spatial-temporal distribution pattern and historical and cultural traditions. The sophistication of its regulatory provisions and the frequency of their revision also attest to the institutionalization trend of local public welfare organizations in this period.