教育强国战略与高质量充分就业目标对高等教育人才培养提出战略要求。当前劳动力市场中高校毕业生“就业难”与企业“招工难”并存, 其根源在于人才供需的系统性错配。大学生职业胜任力作为衔接高等教育与劳动力市场的核心素养, 是破解矛盾、实现“供需优配”的关键。研究采用概念结构分析法, 通过梳理与比较中西方相关理论, 构建了包含“本质层—维度层—指标层”的大学生职业胜任力通用理论模型。该模型在本质层面揭示其由“绝对职业胜任力”与“相对职业胜任力”构成的双核驱动机制, 在维度层面具体划分为专业知识技能、职业素养、社会通用能力、创新与持续学习能力、社会与自我认知能力五个互构维度及可观测指标。

The national strategy to build a strong education system and the goal of achieving high-quality and full employment place strategic demands on talent cultivation in higher education. The current labor market is characterized by the simultaneous existence of “difficult employment” for university graduates and “difficult recruitment” for enterprises, a phenomenon rooted in a systemic mismatch between talent supply and demand. Professional competence among university students, as the core competency bridging higher education and the labor market, constitutes the key to resolving this contradiction and realizing an “optimal supply-demand alignment. ” Employing the conceptual structure analysis method, this study systematically reviews and compares relevant Chinese and Western theoretical frameworks to construct a general theoretical model of university students' professional competence. This model comprises three hierarchical levels: “essential, ” “dimensional, ” and “indicative. ” At the essential level, it reveals a dual-core driving mechanism composed of “absolute professional competence” and “relative professional competence. ” At the dimensional level, it delineates five mutually constitutive dimensions, each with observable indicators: professional knowledge and skills, professional ethics, general social competencies, innovation and lifelong learning capabilities, and social and self-cognitive abilities.