This paper aims to explore the left-behind family' s influence on children' s psychology. Through literature review and field survey, the paper analyzes the mental health status and influencing factors of left-behind family children. The research finds that there are widespread psychological problems such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem among left-behind family children, and the influencing factors mainly include family environment, education mode, and social support. On this basis, the paper puts forward suggestions to improve the mental health of left-behind family children, including strengthening family education, improving social support, and strengthening school mental health education. These suggestions are of great significance for promoting the healthy growth of left-behind family children.